International law

Résumé

International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognised as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war and diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. International law differs from state-based domestic legal systems in that it is primarily, though not exclusively, applicable to states, rather than to individuals, and operates largely through consent, since there is no universally accepted authority to enforce it upon sovereign states. States may choose to not abide by international law, and even to breach a treaty but such violations, particularly of peremptory norms, can be met with disapproval by others and in some cases coercive action ranging from diplomatic and economic sanctions to war. With origins tracing back to antiquity, states have a long history of negotiating interstate a

Source officielle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law

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Academic Cooperation to Foster Research and Advocacy Competences in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (West Bank)

François Golay, Claudio Magalhaes Carneiro, Béatrice Métaireau, Martin Schuler

Palestinians living in the West Bank, a territory occupied by the State of Israel according to International Law, face deprived access to land and a limited ability to move freely which pertains to the presence of Israeli settlements and other infrastructure (closures, restricted or forbidden roads, etc.) This confinement has significant impacts on their economic and social livehoods, and it is even worsenig with the on-going construction of a 709 km long Barrier which mainly runs inside the West Bank. With regard to this situation, there is a clear need to strenghten the capacity of civil society and its representatives to apply sound research progress as a basis for improved advocacy for Palestinian human rights.

Springer2014

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Palestinians living in the West Bank, a territory occupied by the State of Israel according to International Law, face a deprived access to land and a limited ability to move freely which pertains to the presence of Israeli settlements and other infrastructure (closures, restricted or forbidden roads, etc.). This confinement has significant impacts on their economic and social levelihoods, and it is even worsening with the on-going construction of a 709 km long Barrier which mainly runs inside the West Bank.

2012

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Coordinating transport and urban planning: from ideologies to local realities

Vincent Kaufmann, Hanja-Niriana Maksim

In Europe, the idea that coordinating transportation and urban planning is a necessary condition for setting sustainable urban development into motion has spread throughout academic and professional circles. While this concern is not new, the objectives underlying transport and urban planning coordination have deeply changed over the last decades. How have local authorities translated the requirements and objectives of national laws? How have they accounted for the evolution of these global objectives? What factors explain innovation and continuity in the relationship between land use planning and transport policies? In a comparative research between Switzerland and France, we addressed the question of political change by reconstituting the trajectories of four urban areas: Geneva and Bern in Switzerland and Strasbourg and Bordeaux in France. We have described the policy paths of these urban areas since the end of the 1960s by focusing on the contents of master plans, the principal technical solutions and projects that have been implemented, and the means of inter-sectorial coordination used. For each case, factors of change or inertia have been identified by focusing on three main variables that are often studied alternatively in public policy analysis: ideas, institutions and interests.

Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd2013

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