Concept
Position latérale de sécurité
Concepts associés (11)
Jaw-thrust maneuver
The jaw-thrust maneuver is a first aid and medical procedure used to prevent the tongue from obstructing the upper airways. This maneuver and the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management, and they are often used in conjunction with other basic airway techniques including bag-valve-mask ventilation. The jaw-thrust maneuver is often used on patients with cervical neck problems or suspected cervical spine injury. The maneuver is used on a supine patient.
Fausse route
vignette|250x250px|Geste universel d'étouffement par fausse route: mettre une main autour du cou. Une fausse route ou fausse-route est (dans le domaine médical et en particulier de l'ORL) un étouffement par l'inhalation involontaire de fragments d'aliments au cours de la déglutition. Ensuite, une partie du bol alimentaire (aliments liquides ou solides) est orientée vers le larynx puis les voies aériennes inférieures au lieu de passer vers l'œsophage puis l'estomac.
Basic airway management
Basic airway management are a set of medical procedures performed in order to prevent airway obstruction and thus ensuring an open pathway between a patient's lungs and the outside world. This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways, often referred to as choking, cause by the tongue, the airways themselves, foreign bodies or materials from the body itself, such as blood or aspiration. Contrary to advanced airway management, minimal-invasive techniques does not rely on the use of medical equipment and can be performed without or with little training.
Advanced airway management
Advanced airway management is the subset of airway management that involves advanced training, skill, and invasiveness. It encompasses various techniques performed to create an open or patent airway – a clear path between a patient's lungs and the outside world. This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways. Obstructions can be caused by many things, including the patient's own tongue or other anatomical components of the airway, foreign bodies, excessive amounts of blood and body fluids, or aspiration of food particles.
Basic life support
Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care which is used for patients with life-threatening illnesses or injuries until they can be given full medical care by advanced life support providers (paramedics, nurses, physicians). It can be provided by trained medical personnel, such as emergency medical technicians, and by qualified bystanders. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) was formed in 1992 to coordinate the efforts of resuscitation worldwide.
Étouffement
Choking, also known as foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO), is a phenomenon that occurs when breathing is impeded by a blockage inside of the respiratory tract. An obstruction that prevents oxygen from entering the lungs results in oxygen deprivation. Although oxygen stored in the blood and lungs can keep a person alive for several minutes after breathing stops, choking often leads to death. Over 4,000 choking-related deaths occur in the United States every year.
Head tilt/Chin lift
The head-tilt/chin-lift is a procedure used to prevent the tongue obstructing the upper airways. The maneuver is performed by tilting the head backwards in unconscious patients, often by applying pressure to the forehead and the chin. The maneuver is used in any patient in whom cervical spine injury is not a concern and is taught on most first aid courses as the standard way of clearing an airway. This maneuver and the jaw-thrust maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management.
Noyade
La noyade est une asphyxie par inondation des voies respiratoires, causée par la submersion ou l'immersion dans un liquide et indépendamment des conséquences et de leur gravité. L’immersion correspond au fait d’être recouvert de liquide (l’immersion de la face ou des voies aériennes seules suffit à causer la noyade). La submersion renvoie à un corps entier plongé dans du liquide. La noyade peut être collective : inondations et autres catastrophes naturelles comme un tsunami, des naufrages...
Intubation trachéale
vignette|upright|Intubation orotrachéale sur mannequin, par laryngoscopie simple. vignette|upright|Visualisation par endoscopie d'une sonde endotrachéale en place à travers l'orifice glottique. L'intubation trachéale (IT), souvent appelée simplement intubation, est un geste technique médical consistant à introduire un dispositif tubulaire dans la trachée. L'intubation assure la liberté et l'étanchéité des voies aériennes supérieures, permet la ventilation mécanique et l'administration de médicaments par voie pulmonaire.
Premiers secours (médecine)
Les premiers secours représentent l'ensemble des techniques d'aide apportée aux personnes victimes d'un accident, d'une catastrophe, d'un problème de santé ou d'un problème social compromettant à court terme leur état de santé. Ces techniques permettent d'apporter des réponses efficaces devant un danger vital et ont comme objectif d'en minimiser les conséquences tout en assurant la survie des personnes en leur prodiguant des premiers soins d'urgence.