Basic airway management

Basic airway management are a set of medical procedures performed in order to prevent airway obstruction and thus ensuring an open pathway between a patient's lungs and the outside world. This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways, often referred to as choking, cause by the tongue, the airways themselves, foreign bodies or materials from the body itself, such as blood or aspiration. Contrary to advanced airway management, minimal-invasive techniques does not rely on the use of medical equipment and can be performed without or with little training. Airway management is a primary consideration in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, anaesthesia, emergency medicine, intensive care medicine and first aid. Symptoms of airway obstructions includes: The person cannot speak or cry out, or has great difficulty and limited ability to do so. Breathing, if possible, is labored, producing gasping or wheezing. The person has a violent and largely involuntary cough, gurgle, or vomiting noise, though more serious choking victims will have a limited (if any) ability to produce these symptoms since they require at least some air movement. The person desperately clutches his or her throat or mouth, or attempts to induce vomiting by putting their fingers down their throat. If breathing is not restored, the person's face turns blue (cyanosis) from lack of oxygen. Evaluation of an unconscious patients breathing is often performed by the look, listen, and feel method. The ear is placed over person's mouth so breathing can be heard and felt while looking for rising chest or abdomen. The procedure should not take longer than 10 seconds. As in conscious patients stridor can be heard if there is an airway obstruction. Back fall of the tongue however results in snoring. In the unconscious patient agonal breathing is often mistaken for airway obstructions. If there is respiratory arrest or agonal breathing CPR is indicated. Choking#Basic_treatment_(First-Aid) Treatment includes a number of procedures aiming at removing foreign bodies from the airways.

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Étouffement

Choking, also known as foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO), is a phenomenon that occurs when breathing is impeded by a blockage inside of the respiratory tract. An obstruction that prevents oxygen from entering the lungs results in oxygen deprivation. Although oxygen stored in the blood and lungs can keep a person alive for several minutes after breathing stops, choking often leads to death. Over 4,000 choking-related deaths occur in the United States every year.

Advanced airway management

Advanced airway management is the subset of airway management that involves advanced training, skill, and invasiveness. It encompasses various techniques performed to create an open or patent airway – a clear path between a patient's lungs and the outside world. This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways. Obstructions can be caused by many things, including the patient's own tongue or other anatomical components of the airway, foreign bodies, excessive amounts of blood and body fluids, or aspiration of food particles.

Libération des voies aériennes

Les voies aériennes peuvent être obstruées accidentellement, gênant ou empêchant le passage de l'air. Il faut alors libérer le passage de l'air, « assurer la perméabilité des voies aériennes supérieures », pour permettre la ventilation spontanée ou la ventilation artificielle. C'est la libération des voies aériennes (LVA). On parle aussi de contrôle des voies aériennes.