Concept
Milieu de gamme (statistique)
Concepts associés (16)
L-estimator
In statistics, an L-estimator is an estimator which is a linear combination of order statistics of the measurements (which is also called an L-statistic). This can be as little as a single point, as in the median (of an odd number of values), or as many as all points, as in the mean. The main benefits of L-estimators are that they are often extremely simple, and often robust statistics: assuming sorted data, they are very easy to calculate and interpret, and are often resistant to outliers.
Valeur absolue des écarts
En statistique, la déviation absolue moyenne (ou simplement déviation moyenne) d'un ensemble est la moyenne (ou valeur prévue) des déviations absolues par rapport à un point central d'une série statistique. C'est une statistique sommaire de dispersion ou de variabilité statistique, et elle peut être associée à toute mesure à une tendance centrale (moyenne, médiane, mode...). La déviation absolue d'un élément a d'un ensemble de données x par rapport à un réel est a – x.
Moyenne tronquée
Une moyenne tronquée, ou moyenne réduite, est une mesure statistique de centralité, similaire à la moyenne arithmétique et à la médiane, qui consiste à calculer une moyenne arithmétique en éliminant les valeurs extrêmes. Les , ont été inventées pour pallier la sensibilité des statistiques aux valeurs aberrantes, ce qu'on appelle la robustesse statistique.
Midhinge
In statistics, the midhinge is the average of the first and third quartiles and is thus a measure of location. Equivalently, it is the 25% trimmed mid-range or 25% midsummary; it is an L-estimator. The midhinge is related to the interquartile range (IQR), the difference of the third and first quartiles (i.e. ), which is a measure of statistical dispersion. The two are complementary in sense that if one knows the midhinge and the IQR, one can find the first and third quartiles.
Sample maximum and minimum
In statistics, the sample maximum and sample minimum, also called the largest observation and smallest observation, are the values of the greatest and least elements of a sample. They are basic summary statistics, used in descriptive statistics such as the five-number summary and Bowley's seven-figure summary and the associated box plot. The minimum and the maximum value are the first and last order statistics (often denoted X(1) and X(n) respectively, for a sample size of n).
Deviation (statistics)
In mathematics and statistics, deviation is a measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean. The sign of the deviation reports the direction of that difference (the deviation is positive when the observed value exceeds the reference value). The magnitude of the value indicates the size of the difference. Errors and residuals A deviation that is a difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity of interest (where true value denotes the Expected Value, such as the population mean) is an error.
Trimean
In statistics the trimean (TM), or Tukey's trimean, is a measure of a probability distribution's location defined as a weighted average of the distribution's median and its two quartiles: This is equivalent to the average of the median and the midhinge: The foundations of the trimean were part of Arthur Bowley's teachings, and later popularized by statistician John Tukey in his 1977 book which has given its name to a set of techniques called exploratory data analysis.
Average
In ordinary language, an average is a single number taken as representative of a list of numbers, usually the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list (the arithmetic mean). For example, the average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 (summing to 25) is 5. Depending on the context, an average might be another statistic such as the median, or mode. For example, the average personal income is often given as the median—the number below which are 50% of personal incomes and above which are 50% of personal incomes—because the mean would be higher by including personal incomes from a few billionaires.
Problème du char d'assaut allemand
Le problème du char d'assaut allemand réfère à une estimation de la valeur maximale d'une loi uniforme discrète à partir d'un échantillonnage sans remplacement. Il tire son nom de son application par les Alliés de la Seconde Guerre mondiale afin d'estimer la production de chars d'assaut allemands. Le problème peut être abordé selon les approches d' ou bayésienne. Selon l'approche fréquentiste, le nombre total () est fonction du nombre d'échantillons () et de la valeur de l'échantillon le plus élevé () selon la relation suivante : On suppose que l'ennemi produit une série de chars immatriculés par des entiers en commençant par le chiffre 1.
Trimmed estimator
In statistics, a trimmed estimator is an estimator derived from another estimator by excluding some of the extreme values, a process called truncation. This is generally done to obtain a more robust statistic, and the extreme values are considered outliers. Trimmed estimators also often have higher efficiency for mixture distributions and heavy-tailed distributions than the corresponding untrimmed estimator, at the cost of lower efficiency for other distributions, such as the normal distribution.