Carte son

Résumé

Une carte son est une carte d'extension permettant d'augmenter les capacités sonores d'un ordinateur. La principale fonction de cette carte est de générer des sons à l'aide d'un générateur de son programmable ou d'un convertisseur numérique-analogique, pour l'envoyer vers différents types de sorties (RCA, jack, TOSLINK). Un casque, des haut-parleurs ou tout autre élément d'une chaîne sonore pourra alors y être relié. Une carte son fournit généralement une ou plusieurs entrées permettant de brancher une source, telle qu'un microphone ou une entrée ligne. En fonction de la machine hôte, la carte son peut se connecter via différents ports. Sur les ordinateurs de type compatible IBM-PC par exemple, elle a utilisé le bus ISA puis les bus PCI et PCMCIA et peut utiliser, de nos jours, le bus PCI Express. Des cartes son externes USB ou Firewire existent également. Historique Les deux ordinateurs personnels ayant le plus bénéficié de l’apport d’une carte d’extension sonore sont l

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This course introduces the basics of cryptography. We review several types of cryptographic primitives, when it is safe to use them and how to select the appropriate security parameters. We detail how they work and sketch how they can be implemented.

Introduction to basic concepts of operating systems.

The goal of this course is twofold: (1) to introduce physiological basis, signal acquisition solutions (sensors) and state-of-the-art signal processing techniques, and (2) to propose concrete examples of applications for vital sign monitoring and diagnosis purposes.

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USBFuzz: A Framework for Fuzzing USB Drivers by Device Emulation

Mathias Josef Payer, Hui Peng

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) connects external devices to a host. This interface exposes the OS kernels and device drivers to attacks by malicious devices. Unfortunately, kernels and drivers were developed under a security model that implicitly trusts connected devices. Drivers expect faulty hardware but not malicious attacks. Similarly, security testing drivers is challenging as input must cross the hardware/software barrier. Fuzzing, the most widely used bug finding technique, relies on providing random data to programs. However, fuzzing device drivers is challenging due to the difficulty in crossing the hardware/software barrier and providing random device data to the driver under test. We present USBFuzz, a portable, flexible, and modular framework for fuzz testing USB drivers. At its core, USBFuzz uses a software-emulated USB device to provide random device data to drivers (when they perform IO operations). As the emulated USB device works at the device level, porting it to other platforms is straight-forward. Using the USBFuzz framework, we apply (i) coverage-guided fuzzing to a broad range of USB drivers in the Linux kernel; (ii) dumb fuzzing in FreeBSD, MacOS, and Windows through cross-pollination seeded by the Linux inputs; and (iii) focused fuzzing of a USB webcam driver. USBFuzz discovered a total of 26 new bugs, including 16 memory bugs of high security impact in various Linux subsystems (USB core, USB sound, and network), one bug in FreeBSD, three in MacOS (two resulting in an unplanned reboot and one freezing the system), and four in Windows 8 and Windows 10 (resulting in Blue Screens of Death), and one bug in the Linux USB host controller driver and another one in a USB camera driver. From the Linux bugs, we have fixed and upstreamed 11 bugs and received 10 CVEs.

USENIX ASSOC2020

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This paper addresses the challenging problem of single-channel audio source separation. We introduce a novel userguided framework where source models that govern the separation process are learned on-the-fly from audio examples retrieved online. The user only provides the search keywords that describe the sources in the mixture. In this framework, the generic spectral characteristics of each source are modeled by a universal sound class model learned from the retrieved examples via nonnegative matrix factorization. We propose several group sparsity-inducing constraints in order to efficiently exploit a relevant subset of the universal model adapted to the mixture to be separated. We then derive the corresponding multiplicative update rules for parameter estimation. Separation results obtained from automated and user tests on mixtures containing various types of sounds confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

2017

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, ,

We study the problem of localizing a configuration of points and planes from the collection of point-to-plane distances. This problem models simultaneous localization and mapping from acoustic echoes as well as the & x201C;structure from sound & x201D; approach to microphone localization with unknown sources. In our earlier work we proposed computational methods for localization from point-to-plane distances and noted that such localization suffers from various ambiguities beyond the usual rigid body motions; in this paper we provide a complete characterization of uniqueness. We enumerate all cases of configurations which lead to the same distance measurements as a function of the number of planes and points, and algebraically characterize the related transformations in both 2D and 3D.

2020

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