Hydroélectricité en Inde

thumb|400px|Barrage Indira Sagar en construction en 2008 Le secteur de l'hydroélectricité en Inde bénéficie grâce à l'Himalaya d'un potentiel important dont seulement un tiers est exploité ; l'Inde se situe en 2022 au mondial pour sa production avec 4,0 % de la production mondiale, loin derrière la Chine (30,7 %), le Brésil (9,6 %), le Canada (8,9 %), les États-Unis (5,9 %) et la Russie (5,0 %), et au pour sa puissance installée avec 3,7 % du total mondial. Les centrales de pompage-turbinage représentent 9,2 % de la puissance installée, et des projets de grande ampleur sont envisagés. L'hydroélectricité fournissait 10,4 % de la production d'électricité du pays en 2020. Les trois États himalayens de l'Himachal Pradesh, l'Uttarakhand et le Jammu-et-Cachemire regroupent 43 % de la puissance totale en fonctionnement en . De nombreux projets sont en cours de développement, dont de grands projets communs avec le Népal et le Bhoutan. Potentiel hydroélectrique Grâce à l'Himala

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Improving frequency containment reserve provision in run-of-river hydropower plants

Francesco Gerini, Mario Paolone, Elena Vagnoni

The paper presents a model-based control strategy for optimal asset management of hydroelectric units in run-of-river hydropower plants. The proposed control strategy aims to operate the unit at the best efficiency while improving water flow management and minimise components wear during frequency containment reserve provision. This approach is designed for a double regulated turbine (Kaplan) with adjustable guide vanes angle and runner blades angle and can be extended to other turbines adopted in run-of-river hydropower plants. The optimal discharge set-point is computed for maximising the frequency containment reserve provision while controlling the head of the river. The best efficiency is achieved by solving a suitably defined convex optimisation problem leveraging a regressive model of the hydraulic characteristics of the turbine and dynamics of the guide vanes and blades servomotors. The discharge set-point combines three terms: the dispatch plan set-point, the regulating discharge, proportional to the grid frequency deviation, and an offset term computed to control the average flow through the machine. Furthermore, a method to forecast the energy required in the following hour for the provision of grid frequency regulation is exploited to enhance the unit’s frequency containment reserve action. The control strategy is validated by simulating a month of operation for the full-scale run-of-river hydropower plant located in Vogelgrun (France) and by comparing the results with operational statistics. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy able to increase the provision of frequency containment reserve while decreasing the number of movements of the machine components and maximise the efficiency.

2021

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Dynamic behaviour of a Francis turbine during voltage regulation in the electrical power system

François Avellan, Elena Vagnoni

Hydroelectric units can be operated in synchronous condenser mode to provide reactive power to the electrical power system (EPS) for voltage regulation. In this operating mode, the hydraulic turbine consumes active power and in case of hydroelectric units equipped with a Francis turbine, pressurized air is injected in the draft tube to decrease the tailwater level below the runner for decreasing the friction losses. Several dynamic phenomena have been recorded during full-scale hydraulic turbine operation due to the air–water mixing causing pressure and torque fluctuations which may compromise the operation and safety of both the hydraulic machine and the EPS. In this paper, the study of the dynamic response of a Francis turbine prototype during synchronous condenser mode operation is performed to evaluate the transposition of the machine behaviour from the homologous reduced scale model to the full-scale prototype. Measurements of the pressure in draft tube cone, machine vibrations, and torque are performed in both full scale prototype and reduced scale model. The analysis of the dynamic behaviour of the hydraulic turbine focuses on the critical vibrations and power fluctuations. The onset of a sloshing wave in the draft tube cone is highlighted as predicted by the reduced scale model tests. Rotor–stator interactions (RSI) are analyzed and compared to the RSI during generating mode operation. The advantages of decreasing the pressure in the vaneless gap between the runner blades and the closed guide vanes by installing a draining pipe are emphasized to limit the amplitude of the fluctuations and to avoid unwanted two-phase flow phenomena in the vaneless gap which can perturb the machine operation and safety.

2020

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On the Hydroelectric Stability of an Islanded Power Network.

Philippe Allenbach, François Avellan, Jean-Jacques Simond

slanded power networks comprising a small number of large power plants are subject to perturbations leading to important transients, and, hence need high performance governors. The design of these governors requires a detailed model of the system. This is even more important in the case of hydroelectric power plants featuring surge tank and long penstock. For a complete understanding of the dynamic behavior of the system, the model must also take into account the interaction with the electrical power network. This paper presents such a modeling for a 1 GW hydroelectric power plant and the use of an efficient method for the governor parameter determination. Assessment of the governor performances is carried out for different power ratios between hydroelectric and whole network

2006

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