SymbiodiniumSymbiodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known. These unicellular microalgae commonly reside in the endoderm of tropical cnidarians such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish, where the products of their photosynthetic processing are exchanged in the host for inorganic molecules. They are also harbored by various species of demosponges, flatworms, mollusks such as the giant clams, foraminifera (soritids), and some ciliates.
Marine invertebratesMarine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats. Invertebrate is a blanket term that includes all animals apart from the vertebrate members of the chordate phylum. Invertebrates lack a vertebral column, and some have evolved a shell or a hard exoskeleton. As on land and in the air, marine invertebrates have a large variety of body plans, and have been categorised into over 30 phyla. They make up most of the macroscopic life in the oceans.
CorallinalesL'ordre des Corallinales est un ordre d'algues rouges de la sous-classe des Corallinophycidae, dans la classe des Florideophyceae. Les algues corallinales sont des « algues calcaires encroûtantes » articulées ou non et d'aspect minéral. Leur couleur est généralement proche du rouge ou du rose, mais des formes avec d'autres couleurs existent, et celle-ci peut également varier en fonction de divers facteurs.
Aire marine protégéeUne aire marine protégée (AMP) est un espace délimité en mer afin d’assurer à long terme la conservation de la nature ainsi que les services écosystémiques et les valeurs culturelles qui lui sont associés. Il s'agit d'un exemple possible de stratégie de conservation utilisée dans la gestion des ressources naturelles.
Coastal fishCoastal fish, also called inshore fish or neritic fish, inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf. Since the continental shelf is usually less than deep, it follows that pelagic coastal fish are generally epipelagic fish, inhabiting the sunlit epipelagic zone. Coastal fish can be contrasted with oceanic fish or offshore fish, which inhabit the deep seas beyond the continental shelves. Coastal fish are the most abundant in the world.
Marine microorganismsMarine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe) is any microscopic living organism or virus, that is too small to see with the unaided human eye without magnification. Microorganisms are very diverse. They can be single-celled or multicellular and include bacteria, archaea, viruses and most protozoa, as well as some fungi, algae, and animals, such as rotifers and copepods.
Rocky shoreA rocky shore is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates. Rocky shores are biologically rich environments, and are a useful "natural laboratory" for studying intertidal ecology and other biological processes. Due to their high accessibility, they have been well studied for a long time and their species are well known. Marine habitats#Rocky shores Many factors favour the survival of life on rocky shores. Temperate coastal waters are mixed by waves and convection, maintaining adequate availability of nutrients.
Mare résiduellethumb|250px|Des chitons, des algues vertes et des algues rouges corallines sont visibles sur cette mare résiduelle à San Diego, en Californie. thumb|250px|Cette mare résiduelle en Californie renferme un nudibranche (Acanthodoris lutea) pondant ses œufs. On appelle couramment mare résiduelle (ou flaque de marée) les petites mares d'eau stagnante formées dans des cavités rocheuses ou vaseuses après le passage d'une marée (d'où le nom, en espagnol, de pozas de marea, littéralement « point d'eau de marée »).
Marine primary productionMarine primary production is the chemical synthesis in the ocean of organic compounds from atmospheric or dissolved carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are called primary producers or autotrophs.
Ocean deoxygenationOcean deoxygenation is the reduction of the oxygen content in different parts of the ocean due to human activities. It occurs firstly in coastal zones where eutrophication has driven some quite rapid (in a few decades) declines in oxygen to very low levels. This type of ocean deoxygenation is also called "dead zones". Secondly, there is now an ongoing reduction in oxygen levels in the open ocean: naturally occurring low oxygen areas (so called oxygen minimum zones (OMZs)) are now expanding slowly.
