Problem of HellThe problem of Hell is an ethical problem in the Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Islam and Judaism, in which the existence of Hell (aka Jahannam or Sheol) for the punishment of souls in the Afterlife is regarded as inconsistent with the notion of a just, moral, and omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient supreme being.
Théologie du processLa théologie du process (ou parfois francisé comme « théologie du processus ») est une approche théologique du monde issue de la cosmologie découlant des acquis des sciences contemporaines de la nature, notamment la théorie de la relativité, la théorie de l'évolution biologique et la physique des quanta. Il s'agit d'une perspective critique élaborée à partir de la philosophie du processus du mathématicien et logicien Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) et développée par Charles Hartshorne et John B.
Natural evilNatural evil is evil for which "no non-divine agent can be held morally responsible for its occurrence" and is chiefly derived from the operation of the laws of nature. Others such as Christian theologians reject this definition and argue that natural evil is the indirect result of original sin just as moral evils are, although moral evil is "caused by human activity" directly. Some theologians even argue that natural evil is directly perpetrated by demonic agents.
Volonté (philosophie)thumb|right|150px|La Volonté. Statue de M. Janson pour l'Opéra de Paris (1875).par Durandelle La volonté désigne généralement la faculté d'exercer un libre choix gouverné par la raison, et en particulier en philosophie morale la faculté qu'a la raison de déterminer une action d'après des « normes » ou des principes (moraux, notamment). En cela elle peut être considérée comme une vertu. Elle se distingue du désir qui peut être incontrôlé ou irrationnel, et de la spontanéité des instincts naturels dont la réalisation ne fait appel à aucune délibération.
Open theismOpen theism, also known as openness theology and free will theism, is a theological movement that has developed within Christianity as a rejection of the synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian theology. Open theism arises out of the free will theistic tradition of the church, which goes back to the early church fathers. Open theism is typically advanced as a biblically motivated and logically consistent theology of human and divine freedom (in the libertarian sense), with an emphasis on what this means for the content of God's foreknowledge and exercise of God's power.
Essais de ThéodicéeLes Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal, ou plus simplement Essais de Théodicée voire Théodicée forment un livre traitant de théologie, écrit par le philosophe et savant polymathe allemand Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz et paru en 1710, qui tente de résoudre le problème du mal par le concept de meilleur des mondes possibles. Son explication sera raillée par Voltaire dans son conte philosophique Candide.
Absence of goodThe absence of good (privatio boni), also known as the privation theory of evil, is a theological and philosophical doctrine that evil, unlike good, is insubstantial, so that thinking of it as an entity is misleading. Instead, evil is rather the absence, or lack ("privation"), of good. This also means that everything that exists is good, insofar as it exists; and is also sometimes stated as that evil ought to be regarded as nothing, or as something non-existent.
Irenaean theodicyThe Irenaean theodicy is a Christian theodicy (a response to the problem of evil). It defends the probability of an omnipotent and omnibenevolent (all-powerful and perfectly loving) God in the face of evidence of evil in the world. Numerous variations of theodicy have been proposed which all maintain that, while evil exists, God is either not responsible for creating evil, or he is not guilty for creating evil. Typically, the Irenaean theodicy asserts that the world is the best of all possible worlds because it allows humans to fully develop.
