Brise-lamesthumb|Les principales fonctions d'un môle sont l'accostage et la protection contre les vagues. Un brise-lames est un dispositif orienté parallèlement au trait de côte, mais non rattaché à celui-ci. Établi devant un port, une zone aménagée, une plage ou un littoral vulnérable à l'érosion, il est conçu pour s'opposer à l'énergie de la houle et diminuer l'agitation du plan d'eau à la côte. Une jetée ou une digue sert fréquemment de brise-lames, et ainsi constitue un abri pour protéger une zone de mouillage lors de mauvais temps.
Sand dune stabilizationSand dune stabilization is a coastal management practice designed to prevent erosion of sand dunes. Sand dunes are common features of shoreline and desert environments. Dunes provide habitat for highly specialized plants and animals, including rare and endangered species. They can protect beaches from erosion and recruit sand to eroded beaches. Dunes are threatened by human activity, both intentional and unintentional (see sand theft and sand mining).
Coastal morphodynamicsCoastal morphodynamics (i.e. the dynamics of beach morphology) refers to the study of the interaction and adjustment of the seafloor topography and fluid hydrodynamic processes, seafloor morphologies and sequences of change dynamics involving the motion of sediment. Hydrodynamic processes include those of waves, tides and wind-induced currents. While hydrodynamic processes respond instantaneously to morphological change, morphological change requires the redistribution of sediment.
Érosion du littoralL’érosion du littoral, appelée aussi érosion côtière, est un phénomène naturel ou anthropique qui se produit en de nombreux endroits du monde.
Ingénierie côtièredroite|vignette| Houle sur les digues d'Ilfracombe (UK) lors d'une tempête. La gestion du trait de côte est une branche du génie civil concernée par les exigences spécifiques posées par la construction sur ou à proximité de la côte, ainsi que par le développement de la côte elle-même. L'impact hydrodynamique des vagues, des marées, des ondes de tempête et des tsunamis et (souvent) l'environnement hostile de l'eau de mer salée sont des défis typiques pour l'ingénieur côtier - tout comme les changements de la géomorphologie littorale , causés à la fois par le développement autonome du système et les changements provoqués par l'homme.
SeawallA seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast. The purpose of a seawall is to protect areas of human habitation, conservation, and leisure activities from the action of tides, waves, or tsunamis. As a seawall is a static feature it will conflict with the dynamic nature of the coast and impede the exchange of sediment between land and sea.
Hard engineeringHard engineering involves the construction of hydraulic structures to protect coasts from erosion. Such structures include seawalls, gabions, breakwaters, groynes and tetrapods. Hard engineering can cause unintended environmental consequences, such as new erosion and altered sedimentation patterns, that are detrimental to the immediate human and natural environment or along down-coast locations and habitats. Seawalls and bulkheads may have multiple negative effects on nearshore ecosystems due to the way they reflect wave energy instead of dissipating it.
Sedimentary budgetSedimentary budgets are a coastal management tool used to analyze and describe the different sediment inputs (sources) and outputs (sinks) on the coasts, which is used to predict morphological change in any particular coastline over time. Within a coastal environment the rate of change of sediment is dependent on the amount of sediment brought into the system versus the amount of sediment that leaves the system. These inputs and outputs of sediment then equate to the total balance of the system and more than often reflect the amounts of erosion or accretion affecting the morphology of the coast.
