HyperuricosuriaHyperuricosuria is a medical term referring to the presence of excessive amounts of uric acid in the urine. For men this is at a rate greater than 800 mg/day, and for women, 750 mg/day. Notable direct causes of hyperuricosuria are dissolution of uric acid crystals in the kidneys or urinary bladder, and hyperuricemia. Notable indirect causes include uricosuric drugs, rapid breakdown of bodily tissues containing large quantities of DNA and RNA, and a diet high in purine.
OxalateL'ion oxalate, aussi appelé éthanedioate C2O42−, est la dibase conjuguée d'un diacide, l'acide oxalique (ou acide éthanedioïque) H2C2O4, le plus simple des acides dicarboxyliques (HOOC–COOH). Les couples acide/base concernés sont : l'acide oxalique et sa base conjuguée l'ion hydrogénoxalate H2C2O4 / HC2O4− ; l'ion hydrogénoxalate et sa base conjuguée l'ion oxalate HC2O4− / C2O42−. H2C2O4 HC2O4− + H+ constante d'acidité K = (soit pKa1 = 1,27). HC2O4− C2O42− + H+ constante d'acidité K = (soit pKa2 = 4,28).
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransféraseHypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) is an enzyme encoded in humans by the HPRT1 gene. HGPRT is a transferase that catalyzes conversion of hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate and guanine to guanosine monophosphate. This reaction transfers the 5-phosphoribosyl group from 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to the purine. HGPRT plays a central role in the generation of purine nucleotides through the purine salvage pathway.
Lithiasevignette|Calcul rénal Une lithiase ou autrefois lithiasie (terme médical gréco-romain lithiasis, de la racine grecque λίθος/lithos : pierre) est une maladie caractérisée au stade ultime par l'apparition, dans un conduit de l'organisme, d'une concrétion solide appelée calcul, obstruant ledit conduit. On distingue : la lithiase biliaire. L'obstruction de la vésicule biliaire était supposée provoquer les coliques hépatiques ; la lithiase urinaire.
Excretory systemThe excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body. The dual function of excretory systems is the elimination of the waste products of metabolism and to drain the body of used up and broken down components in a liquid and gaseous state. In humans and other amniotes (mammals, birds and reptiles) most of these substances leave the body as urine and to some degree exhalation, mammals also expel them through sweating.
