Sloop de guerre

In the 18th century and most of the 19th, a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns. The rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above; thus, the term sloop-of-war encompassed all the unrated combat vessels, including the very small gun-brigs and cutters. In technical terms, even the more specialised bomb vessels and fireships were classed as sloops-of-war, and in practice these were employed in the sloop role when not carrying out their specialised functions. In World War I and World War II, the Royal Navy reused the term "sloop" for specialised convoy-defence vessels, including the of World War I and the highly successful of World War II, with anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capability. They performed similar duties to the American destroyer escort class ships, and also performed similar duties to the smaller corvettes of the Royal Navy. A sloop-of-war was quite different from a civilian or mercantile sloop, which was a general term for a single-masted vessel rigged in a way that would today be called a gaff cutter (but usually without the square topsails then carried by cutter-rigged vessels), though some sloops of that type did serve in the 18th century British Royal Navy, particularly on the Great Lakes of North America. In the first half of the 18th century, most naval sloops were two-masted vessels, usually carrying a ketch or a snow rig. A ketch had main and mizzen masts but no foremast. A snow had a foremast and a main mast immediately abaft which a small subsidiary mast was fastened on which the spanker was set. The first three-masted, i.e., "ship rigged", sloops appeared during the 1740s, and from the mid-1750s most new sloops were built with a three-masted (ship) rig. The third mast afforded the sloop greater mobility and the ability to back sail. In the 1770s, the two-masted sloop re-appeared in a new guise as the brig sloop, the successor to the former snow sloops.

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Concepts associés (20)

Destroyer escort

Destroyer escort (DE) was the United States Navy mid-20th-century classification for a warship designed with the endurance necessary to escort mid-ocean convoys of merchant marine ships. Development of the destroyer escort was promoted by the British need in World War II for anti-submarine ships that could operate in open oceans at speeds of up to 20 knots. These "British Destroyer Escort"s were designed by the US for mass-production under Lend Lease as a less expensive alternative to fleet destroyers.

Navire de guerre

Un navire de guerre ou navire militaire est un navire faisant partie des forces armées. Il peut s'agir d'un navire de surface ou d'un sous-marin. Les bâtiments de combat disposent de systèmes d'armes leur permettant d'attaquer, de se défendre ou de protéger d'autres unités telles que les bâtiments de soutien ou auxiliaires, parfois dotés de systèmes d'auto-défense ou totalement dépourvus d'armement. Dans la marine française, on emploie généralement le terme de bâtiment, mais parfois aussi celui de navire, de bateau ou d'unité.

Sloop de guerre

vignette|Le sloop of war Providence (1775-1779)|alt= Au temps de la marine à voile, le sloop-de-guerre () désigne, à partir du dans l'Empire britannique, les navires militaires plus petits que les frégates à un, deux ou trois mâts. Le terme est composé de « sloop » provenant du néerlandais sloep (qui est de la même origine étymologique que le français « chaloupe ») et de l’anglais (littéralement : « de guerre »). À partir du , le terme de désigne dans l'Empire britannique, des navires armés en moyenne de 6 à 8 canons (brig sloop) et 10 à 18 canons (packed sloop of war et ship sloop) sur un seul pont.