Function pointerA function pointer, also called a subroutine pointer or procedure pointer, is a pointer referencing executable code, rather than data. Dereferencing the function pointer yields the referenced function, which can be invoked and passed arguments just as in a normal function call. Such an invocation is also known as an "indirect" call, because the function is being invoked indirectly through a variable instead of directly through a fixed identifier or address. Function pointers allow different code to be executed at runtime.
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic CalculatorL’Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) est un ordinateur de première génération mis en service en 1949 à l’Université de Cambridge, Royaume-Uni. Après le Manchester SSEM, l'EDSAC est le deuxième ordinateur électronique à programme enregistré connu et conçu à cet effet, et le premier entièrement utilisable. L'EDSAC fut conçu par Maurice Vincent Wilkes, d'après les travaux de John Von Neumann concernant l'EDVAC. La construction débuta en 1947 et s'acheva au printemps 1949.
ThunkIn computer programming, a thunk is a subroutine used to inject a calculation into another subroutine. Thunks are primarily used to delay a calculation until its result is needed, or to insert operations at the beginning or end of the other subroutine. They have many other applications in compiler code generation and modular programming. The term originated as a whimsical irregular form of the verb think. It refers to the original use of thunks in ALGOL 60 compilers, which required special analysis (thought) to determine what type of routine to generate.
Intel 8008thumb|Intel 8008 thumb|Architecture du 8008 L’Intel 8008 était l'un des premiers microprocesseurs conçus et construits par Intel et présenté en avril 1972. Il a été à l'origine choisi par Computer Terminal Corporation pour l'utilisation dans sa borne programmable Datapoint 2200, mais, parce que la puce fut livrée en retard et ne remplissait pas les exigences de CTC, il a été remplacé par un assemblage de composants TTL (une centaine !). Un accord entre Intel et CTC permit à Intel de vendre la puce à d'autres clients.
Abstraction principle (computer programming)In software engineering and programming language theory, the abstraction principle (or the principle of abstraction) is a basic dictum that aims to reduce duplication of information in a program (usually with emphasis on code duplication) whenever practical by making use of abstractions provided by the programming language or software libraries . The principle is sometimes stated as a recommendation to the programmer, but sometimes stated as a requirement of the programming language, assuming it is self-understood why abstractions are desirable to use.
Name bindingIn programming languages, name binding is the association of entities (data and/or code) with identifiers. An identifier bound to an object is said to reference that object. Machine languages have no built-in notion of identifiers, but name-object bindings as a service and notation for the programmer is implemented by programming languages. Binding is intimately connected with scoping, as scope determines which names bind to which objects – at which locations in the program code (lexically) and in which one of the possible execution paths (temporally).
Algorithmic efficiencyIn computer science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. An algorithm must be analyzed to determine its resource usage, and the efficiency of an algorithm can be measured based on the usage of different resources. Algorithmic efficiency can be thought of as analogous to engineering productivity for a repeating or continuous process. For maximum efficiency it is desirable to minimize resource usage.
Interruption (informatique)En informatique, une interruption est une suspension temporaire de l'exécution d'un programme informatique par le microprocesseur afin d'exécuter un programme prioritaire (appelé service d'interruption). avancement d'une horloge, signalisation de la complétion d'un transfert de données, positionnement d'une tête de lecture/écriture Cependant, on l'utilise aussi pour désigner des exceptions, c'est-à-dire des arrêts provoqués par une condition exceptionnelle dans le programme (instruction erronée, accès à une zone mémoire inexistante, calcul arithmétique incorrect, appel volontaire au système d'exploitation).
Fonction variadiqueEn programmation informatique, une fonction variadique est une fonction d'arité indéfinie, c'est-à-dire qui accepte un nombre variable de paramètres. De nombreuses opérations mathématiques et logiques peuvent se représenter sous forme de fonctions variadiques. Par exemple, l'addition de nombres ou la concaténation de chaînes de caractères peuvent s'appliquer à un nombre arbitraire d'opérandes. Le langage C permet la définition de fonctions variadiques. Les exemples les plus connus sont les fonctions standard d'entrée-sortie printf et scanf.
Operators in C and C++This is a list of operators in the C and C++ programming languages. All the operators (except typeof) listed exist in C++; the column "Included in C", states whether an operator is also present in C. Note that C does not support operator overloading. When not overloaded, for the operators &&, ||, and , (the comma operator), there is a sequence point after the evaluation of the first operand. C++ also contains the type conversion operators const_cast, static_cast, dynamic_cast, and reinterpret_cast.
