Bassin (anatomie)

Résumé

En anatomie le bassin (en latin pelvis) est une partie du squelette humain, en forme d'entonnoir, constitué des deux os coxaux latéraux, du coccyx et du sacrum en arrière. Il représente la cavité contenue à l'intérieur de l'anneau pelvien osseux de la ceinture pelvienne qui constitue la jonction entre la colonne vertébrale mobile (axe du tronc) et les membres inférieurs. Constitution Le bassin est constitué de plusieurs éléments :

un élément central et postérieur : la partie caudale de la colonne vertébrale fixe constituée du sacrum et du coccyx ;
deux os pairs et symétriques : les os coxaux. Ils sont chacun constitués de trois os qui se soudent entre eux vers l'âge de 12 ans. Cette soudure forme un Y au niveau de la fosse acétabulaire. Ces trois os sont l'ischium, l'ilium et le pubis ;
l'ilium est la partie supérieure (haute) de la soudure en forme de Y, c'est ce que l'on appelle communément la hanche ;
l'ischium est la partie inféro-dorsale (basse dirigée en a

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassin_(anatomie)

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Novel Concept Enabling an Old Idea: A Flexible Electrode Array to Treat Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction

Mikaël Nils Sturny

Introduction: Many studies have shown that electrostimulation of the cavernosal nerve can induce and maintain penile erection. Based on these discoveries, neurostimulation to activate the erectile response has been considered a potential solution to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). However, despite recognized potential, this technology has not been further developed. The barrier is the complex anatomy of the human cavernous nerve, which challenges the intraoperative identification of the cavernosal nerves for electrode placement. Aim: To overcome this major barrier, we proposed a practical solution: a 2-dimensional flexible electrode array that can cover the entire plexus area, ensuring that at least 1 of the electrodes will be in optimal contact with the cavernosal nerve, without the need of intraoperative identification. The present study aims to evaluate this concept intraoperatively. Methods: 24 patients enrolled for open radical prostatectomy were recruited. During the surgical procedures, the electrode array was positioned on the pelvic plexus (on the prostatic apex or pelvic wall) and electrical stimulation was applied to induce penile erection. Penile erectile response was assessed by (i) visual change of penile tumescence and (ii) by a penile plethysmograph system. Main Outcome Measure: Ability and success rate of evoking penile response were measured by applying electrical stimulation using the developed electrode array. Results: Electrical stimulation produced immediate penile response in all cases when tested before (on prostatic apex) or after prostate removal (on pelvic wall). Clear visual penile engorgement was observed in 75% of the cases, whereas 25% showed minimal to moderate penile tumescence. As expected, patients with lower International Index of Erectile Function-5 score presented a reduced response, whereas stimulation before prostate removal showed greater response than following removal. Interestingly, erectile response was potentiated by bilateral stimulation (circumference increase [mm]: 2.7 +/- 1.02 vs. 8.2 +/- 1.9, P=.01). Clinical Implications: These data bring sufficient proof of concept of a conceivable novel medical implant for the treatment of ED caused by mechanical nerve injury, such as prostatectomy and spinal cord injury. Strength & Limitations: This is the first approach that can ensure the optimal site stimulation of the erectogenic neuronal path within the lower pelvic area and overcome the major barrier of individual anatomic variability. However, because this study was performed intraoperatively in an acute scenario, further studies are needed to evaluate its chronic efficacy for clinical practice. Conclusion: The flexible electrode array concept can ensure the electrostimulation of erectogenic neuronal path when positioned on the prostate apex or pelvic floor. Copyright (C) 2018, International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2018

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Pelvic motion measurement during over ground walking, analysis and implementation on the WalkTrainer reeducation device

Yves Allemand, Mohamed Bouri, Reymond Clavel, Jacques Fournier, Patrick Métrailler, Yves Stauffer

Pelvic motions are of great importance while walking, and have thus to be taken into account when developing and controlling rehabilitation devices. This paper will first introduce a new reeducation devices for paraplegic people: the WalkTrainer. This device is composed of a leg and pelvic orthosis, an active bodyweight support and closed loop muscle stimulation. Second, the six degrees of freedom (DOF) of the pelvis will be measured by using the WalkTrainer on a population of twenty healthy subjects. Each DOF was successfully measured and can be analyzed as a function of time or gait cycle. Third several models that predict the pelvic motion amplitude as a function of various parameters (speed, size, …) will be proposed and analyzed. Fourth, pelvic trajectories will be programmed on the WalkTrainer and applied on healthy subjects by the mean of the pelvic orthosis. In that phase one of the previously proposed models will be implemented. A force reduction of 20% is measured on the pelvic orthosis when the pelvic motion amplitude prediction model is used.

2008

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More and more biologically inspired robots present spines with multiples degrees of freedom to resemble their biological counterparts. The function of the spine on both animal and robot can play an important role in locomotion. If it has enough degrees of freedom to allow independent control of both shoulder and pelvic girdle (i.e., the points of attachment of body and limb), it can be used to extend the reach of the legs or to increase turning capabilities. In this letter, we present the spine controller for a sprawling quadrupedal robot. The controller achieves a synchronization between spine and legs and allows a precise control of the girdle positions by solving the inverse kinematics of the spine. The controller is validated in simulation and experiments with the real robot showing an ease in the control of the locomotion and achieving a very good tracking between the girdle trajectories with a very small, noncumulative error (less than 6% of the inter-girdle distance). This controller enables both the human operation and the implementation of autonomous path planning and navigation algorithms for these type of amphibious robots, making them more suitable for scenarios with limited maneuverability such as inside pipes or in collapsed buildings.

2017

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Novel Concept Enabling an Old Idea: A Flexible Electrode Array to Treat Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction

Mikaël Nils Sturny

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2018