Naine blanche

Résumé

vignette| est une naine blanche visible comme un petit point en bas à gauche de , beaucoup plus brillante. Si ce système était observé dans le domaine des rayons X, Sirius B apparaîtrait alors plus brillante que son compagnon du fait que sa surface est significativement plus chaude. Photographie prise le 15 octobre 2003 par le télescope spatial Hubble. Une naine blanche est un objet céleste de forte densité, issu de l'évolution d'une étoile de masse modérée (de trois à quatre masses solaires au maximum) après la phase où se produisent des réactions thermonucléaires. Cet objet a alors une taille jusqu'à 8 fois moindre, et conserve longtemps une température de surface élevée, d'où son nom de « naine blanche ». Une naine blanche possède typiquement une masse inférieure quoique comparable à celle du Soleil pour un volume similaire à celui de la Terre. Sa masse volumique est ainsi de l’ordre d’une tonne par centimètre cube, plusieurs dizaines de milliers de fois plus élevée que celle des

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Ce cours décrit de façon simple les processus physiques qui expliquent l'univers dans lequel nous vivons. En couvrant une large gamme de sujets, le but du cours est aussi de donner un aperçu général des objets astrophysiques qui nous entourent.

Ce cours est une introduction à la physique stellaire. On y expose les notions indispensables à la compréhension du fonctionnement d'une étoile et à la construction de modèles de structure interne et d'évolution stellaires. On donne aussi des clés d'interprétation des spectres stellaires.

Cosmology is the study of the structure and evolution of the universe as a whole. This course describes the principal themes of cosmology, as seen from the point of view of observations.

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The post-infall evolution of a satellite galaxy

Pascale Jablonka, Matthew Luke Nichols, Yves Revaz

We describe a new method that only focuses on the local region surrounding an infalling dwarf in an effort to understand how the hot baryonic halo alters the chemodynamical evolution of dwarf galaxies. Using this method, we examine how a dwarf, similar to Sextans dwarf spheroidal, evolves in the corona of a Milky Way-like galaxy. We find that even at high perigalacticons the synergistic interaction between ram pressure and tidal forces transform a dwarf into a stream, suggesting that Sextans was much more massive in the past to have survived its perigalacticon passage. In addition, the large confining pressure of the hot corona allows gas that was originally at the outskirts to begin forming stars, initially forming stars of low metallicity compared to the dwarf evolved in isolation. This increase in star formation eventually allows a dwarf galaxy to form more metal rich stars compared to a dwarf in isolation, but only if the dwarf retains gas for a sufficiently long period of time. In addition, dwarfs that formed substantial numbers of stars post-infall have a slightly elevated [Mg/Fe] at high metallicity ([Fe/H] similar to -1.5).

Edp Sciences S A2015

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The Pristine survey - XV. A CHIT ESPaDOnS view on the Milky Way halo and disc populations

Pascale Jablonka, Carmela Lardo, Romain Ely Roland Lucchesi, Willem Suter

We present a one-dimensional, local thermodynamic equilibrium homogeneous analysis of 132 stars observed at high resolution with ESPaDOnS. This represents the largest sample observed at high resolution (R similar to 40 000) from the Pristine survey. This sample is based on the first version of the Pristine catalogue and covers the full range of metallicities from [Fe/II] similar to-3 to similar to+0.25, with nearly half of our sample (58 stars) composed of very metal-poor (VMP) stars ([Fe/H]

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2022

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Barium and related stars, and their white-dwarf companions

Pierre North

Barium (Ba) dwarfs and CH subgiants are the less evolved analogues of Ba and CH giants. They are F- to G-type main-sequence stars polluted with heavy elements by their binary companions when the companion was on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). This companion is now a white dwarf that in most cases cannot be directly detected. We present a large systematic study of 60 objects classified as Ba dwarfs or CH subgiants. Combining radial-velocity measurements from HERMES and SALT high-resolution spectra with radial-velocity data from CORAVEL and CORALIE, we determine the orbital parameters of 27 systems. We also derive their masses by comparing their location in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with evolutionary models. We confirm that Ba dwarfs and CH subgiants are not at different evolutionary stages, and that they have similar metallicities, despite their different names. Additionally, Ba giants appear significantly more massive than their main-sequence analogues. This is likely due to observational biases against the detection of hotter main-sequence post-mass-transfer objects. Combining our spectroscopic orbits with the HIPPARCOS astrometric data, we derive the orbital inclination and the mass of the WD companion for four systems. Since this cannot be done for all systems in our sample yet (but should be possible with upcoming Gaia data releases), we also analyse the mass-function distribution of our binaries. We can model this distribution with very narrow mass distributions for the two components and random orbital orientations on the sky. Finally, based on BINSTAR evolutionary models, we suggest that the orbital evolution of low-mass Ba systems can be affected by a second phase of interactions along the red giant branch of the Ba star, which impact the eccentricities and periods of the giants.

EDP SCIENCES S A2019

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