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L’axion est une particule hypothétique, supposée stable, neutre et de très faible masse (entre quelques µeV et quelques meV). Son existence découle de la (1977) au problème de violation de la symétrie CP en chromodynamique quantique, située au CERN, mais aussi ADMX et beaucoup d'autres. Naissance de l'axion Problème CP fort Comme l'a montré Gerard 't Hooft, la chromodynamique quantique prédit que quelques interactions fortes violeront la symétrie charge+parité. En combinaison avec les effets de l'interaction faible, le paramètre qui quantifie cette violation, noté \bar\Theta, constituait une constante fondamentale uniquement accessible par la mesure. Par ailleurs, des interactions violant cette parité de façon importante auraient fourni aux neutrons un moment dipolaire intense. Les observations, qui prouvent l'absence ou la très faible intensité de cet effet, imposent que le paramètre \bar\Theta soit très faible, voire nul. Pourtant,

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Matière noire

vignette|redresse=1.1|Répartition de la densité d'énergie de l'Univers après exploitation des premières données du satellite Planck. La matière noire en est une des composantes principales. La matièr

Physical cosmology

Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. A cosmological model, or simply cosmology, provides a description of the largest-scale structures and d

Boson de Higgs

thumb|De gauche à droite : Kibble, Guralnik, Hagen, Englert et Brout, en 2010. Le boson de Higgs ou boson BEH, est une particule élémentaire dont l'existence, postulée indépendamment en juin 1964 par

Lattice formulation of axion inflation. Application to preheating

José Roberto Canivete Cuissa, Daniel Garcia Figueroa

We present a lattice formulation of an interaction phi/Lambda F (F) over tilde between an axion and some U(1) gauge sector with the following properties: it reproduces the continuum theory up to O(dx(mu)(2)) corrections, it preserves exact gauge invariance and shift symmetry on the lattice, and it is suitable for self-consistent expansion of the Universe. The lattice equations of motion can no longer be solved by explicit methods, but we propose an implicit method to overcome this difficulty, which preserves the relevant system constraints down to arbitrary (tunable) precision. As a first application we study, in a comoving grid in (3 +1) dimensions, the last efolds of axion-inflation with quadratic potential and the preheating stage following afterwards. We fully account for the inhomogeneity and non-linearity of the system, including the gauge field contribution to the expansion rate of the Universe and its backreaction into the axion dynamics. We characterize in detail, as a function of the coupling, the energy transfer from the axion to the gauge field. Two coupling regimes are identified, sub- and super-critical, depending on whether the final energy fraction stored in the gauge field is below or above similar to 50% of the total energy. The Universe is very efficiently reheated for super-critical couplings, rapidly entering in a radiation dominated stage. Our results on preheating confirm previously published results.

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2019

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On the dark radiation problem in the axiverse

Anna Tokareva

String scenarios generically predict that we live in a so called axiverse: the Universe with about a hundred of light axion species which are decoupled from the Standard Model particles. However, the axions can couple to the inflaton which leads to their production after inflation. Then, these axions remain in the expanding Universe contributing to the dark radiation component, which is severely bounded from present cosmological data. We place a general constraint on the axion production rate and apply it to several variants of reasonable inflaton-to-axion couplings. The limit merely constrains the number of ultralight axions and the relative strength of inflaton-to-axion coupling. It is valid in both large and small field inflationary models irrespectively of the axion energy scales and masses. Thus, the limit is complementary to those associated with the Universe overclosure and axion isocurvature fluctuations. In particular, a hundred of axions is forbidden if inflaton universally couples to all the fields at reheating. In the case of gravitational sector being responsible for the reheating of the Universe (which is a natural option in all inflationary models with modified gravity), the axion production can be efficient. We find that in the Starobinsky R-2-inflation even a single axion (e.g. the standard QCD-axion) is in tension with the Planck data, making the model inconsistent with the axiverse. The general conclusion is that an inflation with inefficient reheating mechanism and low reheating temperature may be in tension with the presence of light scalars.

Iop Publishing Ltd2017

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Femtolensing by dark matter revisited

Sergey Sibiryakov, Wei Xue

Femtolensing of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) has been put forward as an exciting possibility to probe exotic astrophysical objects with masses below 10(-13) solar masses such as small primordial black holes or ultra-compact dark matter minihalos, made up for instance of QCD axions. In this paper we critically review this idea, properly taking into account the extended nature of the source as well as wave optics effects. We demonstrate that most GRBs are inappropriate for femtolensing searches due to their large sizes. This removes the previous femtolensing bounds on primordial black holes, implying that vast regions of parameter space for primordial black hole dark matter are not robustly constrained. Still, we entertain the possibility that a small fraction of GRBs, characterized by fast variability can have smaller sizes and be useful. However, a large number of such bursts would need to be observed to achieve meaningful constraints. We study the sensitivity of future observations as a function of the number of detected GRBs and of the size of the emission region.

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2018

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PHYS-427: Relativity and cosmology I

Introduce the students to general relativity and its classical tests.

MATH-111(c): Linear Algebra

L'objectif du cours est d'introduire les notions de base de l'algèbre linéaire et ses applications.

PHYS-400: Selected topics in nuclear and particle physics

This course presents the physical principles and the recent research developments on three topics of particle and nuclear physics: the physics of neutrinos, dark matter, and plasmas of quarks and gluons. An emphasis is given on experimental aspects in these three research fields.