Barratry (common law)

Barratry (ˈbærətri ) is a legal term that, at common law, described a criminal offense committed by people who are overly officious in instigating or encouraging prosecution of groundless litigation, or who bring repeated or persistent acts of litigation for the purposes of profit or harassment. Although it remains a crime in some jurisdictions, barratry has frequently been abolished as being anachronistic and obsolete. In Australia, the term barratry is predominantly used in the first sense of a frivolous or harassing litigant. The concept has fallen into disuse in Australia. The offence of being a common barrator was abolished in New South Wales by Section 4A of the Maintenance, Champerty and Barratry Abolition Act 1993. The offence of being a common barrator was abolished in Victoria by section 2 of the Abolition of Obsolete Offences Act 1969. In Canada, barratry, alongside all common law offences except contempt of court, were abolished by the 1953 consolidation of the Criminal Code. In England and Wales the common law offence of being a common barrator was abolished by section 13(1)(a) of the Criminal Law Act 1967. Being a common barrator was an offence under the common law of England. It was classified as a misdemeanor. It consisted of "persistently stirring up quarrels in the Courts or out of them". It is uncertain whether, in the ordinary way, persons charged with commission of the offence were dealt with by indictment. In 1966, the Law Commission recommended for the offence to be abolished. It said that there had been no indictments for this offence for "many years" and that, as an indictable misdemeanor, it was "wholly obsolete". Its recommendation was implemented by the Criminal Law Act 1967. In Scots law, barratry referred to the crime committed by a judge who is induced by bribery to pronounce judgment. Several jurisdictions in the United States have declared barratry (in the sense of a frivolous or harassing litigant) to be a crime as part of their tort reform efforts. For example, in the U.S.

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Concepts associés (8)

Procédure-bâillon

Une procédure-bâillon, ou poursuite-bâillon ou poursuite stratégique contre la mobilisation publique est une action en justice visant à intimider et à faire taire un journaliste ou lanceur d'alerte ou à entraver la participation politique et le militantisme. Il s'agit le plus souvent d’une poursuite civile en diffamation, intentée contre un individu ou un organisme ayant pris parti dans le cadre d’un enjeu public. Le concept inclut les menaces de poursuite.

Barratry (common law)

Procédure abusive

Une procédure abusive, en droit civil, est le fait d'engager ou de poursuivre une action en justice injustifiée. Le droit d'agir en justice est un principe fondamental, mais l'abus de ce droit peut être sanctionné. Dans bien des cas, la procédure abusive est sanctionnée dans les règles de procédure civile sur l'abus du droit d'ester en justice. Dans les pays de Common law, la procédure abusive est classée dans les responsabilités délictuelles.