Concept
Discontinuity (linguistics)
Concepts associés (17)
Théorie Sens-Texte
La Théorie Sens-Texte (Meaning-Text Theory) est un cadre linguistique théorique pour la construction de modèles des langues naturelles. Cette théorie fournit une partition de la modélisation d’un énoncé en niveaux de représentation : Phonologique / phonétique Morphologique Syntaxique Sémantique Des transformations entre ces niveaux de représentation permettent de naviguer d'un texte vers son sens, et réciproquement. La théorie postule que les langues sont définies par la façon dont leurs éléments (les unités lexicales) sont combinés par des fonctions lexicales.
Shifting (syntax)
In syntax, shifting occurs when two or more constituents appearing on the same side of their common head exchange positions in a sense to obtain non-canonical order. The most widely acknowledged type of shifting is heavy NP shift, but shifting involving a heavy NP is just one manifestation of the shifting mechanism. Shifting occurs in most if not all European languages, and it may in fact be possible in all natural languages including sign languages.
Extraposition
Extraposition is a mechanism of syntax that alters word order in such a manner that a relatively "heavy" constituent appears to the right of its canonical position. Extraposing a constituent results in a discontinuity and in this regard, it is unlike shifting, which does not generate a discontinuity. The extraposed constituent is separated from its governor by one or more words that dominate its governor. Two types of extraposition are acknowledged in theoretical syntax: standard cases where extraposition is optional and it-extraposition where extraposition is obligatory.
Thématisation
En linguistique, on appelle thématisation (dans la tradition terminologique francophone) ou topicalisation (dans la tradition terminologique anglophone) un procédé langagier consistant à mettre en position de thème (en anglais topic) un élément ou un groupe d'éléments qui composent la phrase. Selon la définition structuraliste, le thème est à opposer au rhème dans le sens où le rhème représente un propos « nouveau » alors que le thème représente le cadre général du discours.
Syntactic movement
Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities. Movement was first postulated by structuralist linguists who expressed it in terms of discontinuous constituents or displacement. Some constituents appear to have been displaced from the position in which they receive important features of interpretation. The concept of movement is controversial and is associated with so-called transformational or derivational theories of syntax (such as transformational grammar, government and binding theory, minimalist program).
Scrambling (linguistics)
Scrambling is a syntactic phenomenon wherein sentences can be formulated using a variety of different word orders without any change in meaning. Scrambling often results in a discontinuity since the scrambled expression can end up at a distance from its head. Scrambling does not occur in English, but it is frequent in languages with freer word order, such as German, Russian, Persian and Turkic languages. The term was coined by Haj Ross in his 1967 dissertation and is widely used in present work, particularly with the generative tradition.
Branching (linguistics)
In linguistics, branching refers to the shape of the parse trees that represent the structure of sentences. Assuming that the language is being written or transcribed from left to right, parse trees that grow down and to the right are right-branching, and parse trees that grow down and to the left are left-branching. The direction of branching reflects the position of heads in phrases, and in this regard, right-branching structures are head-initial, whereas left-branching structures are head-final.
Rection
En grammaire traditionnelle, la rection est, dans certaines langues, un processus par lequel, dans un rapport syntaxique de subordination, un mot (le régissant) impose à un autre mot (le régi) un certain moyen de réalisation du rapport. Ce moyen dépend de la langue en question et du sens du régissant, pouvant être de nature seulement analytique (une adposition), seulement synthétique (une certaine désinence casuelle) ou analytique et synthétique à la fois.
Catena (linguistics)
In linguistics, a catena (English pronunciation: kəˈtiːnə, plural catenas or catenae; from Latin for "chain") is a unit of syntax and morphology, closely associated with dependency grammars. It is a more flexible and inclusive unit than the constituent and its proponents therefore consider it to be better suited than the constituent to serve as the fundamental unit of syntactic and morphosyntactic analysis. The catena has served as the basis for the analysis of a number of phenomena of syntax, such as idiosyncratic meaning, ellipsis mechanisms (e.
Inversion (linguistique)
En linguistique, l’inversion est un procédé par lequel on change l’ordre canonique (attendu, consacré, habituel, normal) de deux entités grammaticales, en intervertissant leurs places. Ces entités peuvent être les éléments d’une forme grammaticale composée, les composants d’un syntagme, des termes à fonction syntaxique d’une phrase simple ou des propositions d’une phrase complexe.