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Acting as a decision making institution on the raison d’etre of modern architecture by attributing a utopian role to it, CIAM (Congrés International d’Architecture Moderne), formed by some pioneering modern architects from Europe and USSR, and served betwe ...
The present article deals with conceptual and methodological questions at the base of a research project of settlement history of Albania in the 20th century. We focus our interest on the identification of all local units and their population. In order to ...
A project without memory is an amputated project: history must be considered both as a methodological basis and as a veritable tool for work. Underlying all intervention existent, extensive historical and material knowledge of what is built must guide the ...
In this chapter I expose how direct democracy instruments based on the ballot (referendum, popular initiative, recall), as opposed to assembly based direct democracy, have developed in Switzerland and have been adopted by more than 20 US states as an answe ...
The Venice Time Machine is an international scientific programme launched by the EPFL and the University Ca’Foscari of Venice with the generous support of the Fondation Lombard Odier. It aims at building a multidimensional model of Venice and its evolution ...
Most civil infrastructure today was built during the second half of 20th century and is nearing the end of its service life. With increasing infrastructure demand that cannot be met with current resources for new supply, replacement of all aging infrastruc ...
Gilles Deleuze was used to say that philosophers are creators of concepts, extracted by a continuous flux of thinking (Deleuze 1980). These concepts, during a period of intense exchange between disciplines in the 20th century, have not been limited to phil ...
The combination of evidence from independent studies has a curious history. The origins reach back at least to the beginning of the 20th century. Since the mid-1970s, meta-analysis has become popular in several fields, among them medical statistics and the ...
Cerebral function is associated with exceptionally high metabolic activity, and requires continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream. Since the mid-20th century the idea that brain energy metabolism is coupled to neuronal activity has e ...
The paper discusses urban policies for social housing in Vienna and Frankfurt in the inter World War years of the twentieth century. It provides not only historical knowledge, but also examines social housing ensembles within the contemporary city from an ...