Premillennialism, in Christian eschatology, is the belief that Jesus will physically return to the Earth (the Second Coming) before the Millennium, heralding a literal thousand-year golden age of peace. Premillennialism is based upon a literal interpretation of in the New Testament, which describes Jesus's reign in a period of a thousand years.
Denominations such as Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, Presbyterianism and Lutheranism are generally amillennial and interpret as pertaining to the present time, a belief that Christ currently reigns in Heaven with the departed saints; such an interpretation views the symbolism of Revelation as referring to a spiritual conflict between Heaven and Hell rather than a physical conflict on Earth. Amillennialists do not view the thousand years mentioned in Revelation as a literal thousand years, but see the number "thousand" as symbolic and numerological and see the kingdom of Christ as already present in the church beginning with the Pentecost in the book of Acts.
Premillennialism is often used to refer specifically to those who adhere to the beliefs in an earthly millennial reign of Christ as well as a rapture of the faithful coming before (dispensational) or after (historic) the Great Tribulation preceding the Millennium. For the last century, the belief has been common in Evangelicalism according to surveys on this topic.
Premillennialism is distinct from the other views such as postmillennialism which views the millennial rule as occurring before the second coming.
The current religious term "premillennialism" did not come into use until the mid-19th century. Coining the word was "almost entirely the work of British and American Protestants and was prompted by their belief that the French and American Revolutions (the French, especially) realized prophecies made in the books of Daniel and Revelation.
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vignette|Chronologie des différents courants Dispensationaliste Le dispensationalisme est une doctrine professée par certaines églises évangéliques qui tirent de la Bible une interprétation de l’histoire où Dieu administre souverainement son règne sur le monde pour atteindre progressivement son objectif. Cette doctrine interprète le livre de l'Apocalypse non pas comme le récit d'événements passés (le prétérisme), mais comme une prédiction de l'avenir.
vignette|redresse=1|L’Antéchrist écoutant les paroles de Satan, représentés par Luca Signorelli dans une fresque de la chapelle San Brizio. L’Antéchrist ou Antichrist est une figure commune aux eschatologies chrétienne et islamique, mais différente. Elle apparaît dans les épîtres de Jean et dans la deuxième épître aux Thessaloniciens de Paul de Tarse sous des formes variables, mais puise ses origines dans la notion d'« anti-messie » déjà présente dans le judaïsme. Le terme désigne parfois un individu , parfois un groupe ou un personnage collectif.
In Christian eschatology (end-times theology), postmillennialism, or postmillenarianism, is an interpretation of chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation which sees Christ's second coming as occurring after (Latin post-) the "Millennium", a Golden Age in which Christian ethics prosper. The term subsumes several similar views of the end times, and it stands in contrast to premillennialism and, to a lesser extent, amillennialism (see Summary of Christian eschatological differences).