Santé et sécurité au travail

Santé et sécurité au travail désigne diverses disciplines visant à supprimer ou à limiter certains effets nuisibles du travail sur l'être humain (santé physique ou mentale centré sur la santé au travail). Ces notions, apparues relativement récemment dans le champ du droit du travail — au avec le développement industriel autour duquel s'est progressivement construit le droit du travail —, ont été mises en œuvre avec des premières mesures de protection au bénéfice des travailleurs les plus vulnérables : les femmes et les enfants. L’appellation « santé et sécurité au travail » désigne ce qu'on appelait autrefois « hygiène, sécurité et conditions de travail ». Généralités et enjeux La protection de la santé au travail des salariés de droit privé (entreprises, associations, etc.) et des fonctionnaires (fonction publique (d'État ou des collectivités territoriales, hôpitaux), est devenue avec la prise de conscience du public face aux risques, une notion incontournable. La

Quantum-based approach for laboratory risk assessment and decision-making

Ruoxing Liao

With the rising focus on academic safety, there has been an effort to improve the academic safety climate and develop lab-specific risk assessment tools. Despite the progress made in recent years, there is still a deficit of reliable data statistics on safety events and risk assessment in academia, making it difficult to perform full-scale analysis. Moreover, the rapid turnover of personnel and the highly dynamic research tasks in a laboratory environment impede the implementation of classical and well-established risk management strategies, which are usually time-consuming and resource-intensive. Laboratory safety management is always challenging due to lack of data and effective methods. The end of safety management is usually the selection of risk mitigation measures. In the laboratory risk management process, decisions are often made through discussion and compromise. In this regard, it would be beneficial to provide a tool that can support in resource allocation and prioritization of actions. The goal of this project is to develop a decision support tool to assist in the selection of optimal and appropriate preventive or corrective measures in the lab safety management process. The use of decision tools such as Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) can effectively abstract complex laboratory management problems into a decision framework. This study focuses on the ranking process of competitive corrective measures. Combining the results of interviews and questionnaires, five evaluation criteria were proposed for the normative process of multi-criteria decision making. They are: Residual Risk, Risk reduction, Personnel reliability, Technical reliability, and Cost. classical methods TOPSIS and WSM have been evaluated during the study, and emerging quantum decision making methods have been explored. All three methods are used to simulate the laboratory safety decision making process, and they all present good consistency. Different weighting methods have also been applied to the model and two case studies have been conducted. The first case study is designed to construct the model and verify its feasibility, and the second model is used to investigate the process of group decision making. By applying different MCDM methods, the obtained results are discussed and compared to verify the stability and accuracy of the model. The approach proposed in this research is a promising tool. It offers the possibility to be compatible with different MCDM methods and risk assessment methods, and the proposed decision model could be used as a decision support system to help lab managers make better decisions, or it can provide a neutral point of view as an aid. Future work may include fine-tuning the model. In the following stage, decision criteria should be precisely defined, and corresponding quantitative formulas should be proposed to serve the flexible and dynamic laboratory environment.

2022

Considerations on the partial safety factor format for reinforced concrete structures accounting for multiple failure modes

Miguel Fernández Ruiz, Aurelio Muttoni, Qianhui Yu

The increasing usage of nonlinear analyses for the design of reinforced concrete structures and the necessity of codes of practice to provide a consistent safety format for them is one of the challenges that new generations of codes of practice are facing. Suitable safety formats shall thus account for the peculiarities of nonlinear analysis, such as the possibility of having multiple potential failure modes. In this paper, the applicability of the classical Partial Safety Factor Format (PSFF) for the resistance of reinforced concrete structures (composed of two safety factors: gamma C for concrete compressive strength and gamma S for reinforcement yield strength) is investigated accounting for the possibility of multiple failure modes in nonlinear analysis. In addition, the similarities between nonlinear analysis and typical simple cases in the design of structural concrete are shown. Reliability analysis is performed for the design resistance of concrete structures according to PSFF under different design situations (crosssectional resistance or load-bearing capacity of structural elements and of simple structural systems). The results show that the PSFF applied to material strength variables leads to a satisfactory level of reliability, independently of the development of different failure modes induced by material uncertainties in nonlinear analysis. In addition, it is also observed that the simplification of integrating geometrical and model uncertainties into the partial safety factors for material strength variables can potentially underestimate their influence on the structural reliability in some cases. The case studies shows that occurrence of multiple failure modes can result into significantly different distribution characteristics between the tail and most probable region of the resistance of concrete structures. Attention should also be paid to a proper tail approximation of the probability distribution of the resistance when calibrating safety formats for concrete structures.

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2022

Considerations on the partial safety factor format for reinforced concrete structures accounting for multiple failure modes

Miguel Fernández Ruiz, Aurelio Muttoni, Qianhui Yu

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2022

Quantum-based approach for laboratory risk assessment and decision-making

Ruoxing Liao

2022

Santé et sécurité au travail

Quantum-based approach for laboratory risk assessment and decision-making

Man-Machine Occupational Risk Modeling (MORM)

Considerations on the partial safety factor format for reinforced concrete structures accounting for multiple failure modes

Man-Machine Occupational Risk Modeling (MORM)

Considerations on the partial safety factor format for reinforced concrete structures accounting for multiple failure modes

Quantum-based approach for laboratory risk assessment and decision-making