A shell is a three-dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions. It is characterized in structural terms by mid-plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface. A shell can be derived from a plate in two steps: by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface, then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate's plane thus generating significant stresses. Materials range from concrete (a concrete shell) to fabric (as in fabric structures). Thin-shell structures (also called plate and shell structures) are lightweight constructions using shell elements. These elements, typically curved, are assembled to make large structures. Typical applications include aircraft fuselages, boat hulls, and the roofs of large buildings. A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat. Membrane action in a shell is primarily caused by in-plane forces (plane stress), but there may be secondary forces resulting from flexural deformations. Where a flat plate acts similar to a beam with bending and shear stresses, shells are analogous to a cable which resists loads through tensile stresses. The ideal thin shell must be capable of developing both tension and compression. The most popular types of thin-shell structures are: Concrete shell structures, often cast as a monolithic dome or stressed ribbon bridge or saddle roof Lattice shell structures, also called gridshell structures, often in the form of a geodesic dome or a hyperboloid structure Membrane structures, which include fabric structures and other tensile structures, cable domes, and pneumatic structures.

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Séances de cours associées (7)
Théorie de la membrane des coquilles: Structures cylindriques et sphériques
Analyse les forces membranaires dans les structures minces de la coquille à l'aide de la théorie membranaire de la coquille.
Théorie de la membrane des coquilles
Explore la théorie membranaire des coquilles pour analyser les forces dans les structures de coquilles minces.
Éléments finis dans la mécanique structurale
Couvre l'application d'éléments finis dans la mécanique structurale, en se concentrant sur les théories liées aux poutres, plaques et coquilles.
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Publications associées (32)

Constrained Form-Finding of Tension-Compression Structures using Automatic Differentiation

Stefana Parascho, Pierluigi D'Acunto

This paper proposes a computational approach to form-find pin-jointed bar structures subjected to combinations of tension and compression forces. The generated equilibrium states can meet structural and geometrical constraints via gradient-based optimizati ...
ELSEVIER SCI LTD2023

Experimental testing and structural analysis of composite tile – reinforced concrete domes

Savvas Saloustros

Conventional formworks for concrete curved shells either are expensive, complex and wasteful or have formal restrictions. Using tile vaults (also known as timbrel, Guastavino, thin-tile or Catalan vaults) as stay-in-place formwork for concrete shells could ...
2023

Discrete Voss surfaces: Designing geodesic gridshells with planar cladding panels

Corentin Jean Dominique Fivet, Nicolas Robin Montagne, Olivier Baverel

The design and construction of doubly-curved structures often reveals to be challenging and can result in complex manufacturing and assembly. A recent strategy to tackle this difficulty consists in exploiting the connection between discrete differential ge ...
2022
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Concepts associés (3)
Tensile structure
In structural engineering, a tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending. The term tensile should not be confused with tensegrity, which is a structural form with both tension and compression elements. Tensile structures are the most common type of thin-shell structures. Most tensile structures are supported by some form of compression or bending elements, such as masts (as in The O2, formerly the Millennium Dome), compression rings or beams.
Dôme géodésique
En architecture, un dôme géodésique est une structure sphérique, ou partiellement sphérique, en treillis dont les barres suivent les grands cercles (géodésiques) de la sphère. L'intersection des barres géodésiques forme des éléments triangulaires qui possèdent chacun leur propre rigidité, provoquant la distribution des forces et des tensions sur l'ensemble de la structure qui est de ce fait autoporteuse, laissant l'intérieur entièrement disponible (pas de piliers).
Dôme (architecture)
vignette|Le dôme de Saint-Pierre de Rome. vignette|La première tour à dôme construite en France est probablement la tour nord de la cathédrale de Tours, érigée en 1547. Un dôme (du provençal doma, du latin doma, du grec dôma) est un élément d'architecture qui couvre un édifice de plan circulaire, elliptique ou polygonal. Sa forme est généralement proche d'un hémisphère, mais il existe de nombreuses variations. Le terme est souvent utilisé comme synonyme de coupole.

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