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Biorefinery concepts refer to the integrated production of food, fuel, power, commodity chemicals, and polymers from biomass, mimicking the structure of a fossil-based refinery. The use of lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock for biorefineries has been pro ...
Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of commodity chemicals using various chemical methods continues to attract considerable attention. A wide and diverse range of different chemicals can be obtained from biomass and many different do ...
The implementation of strict environmental quality standards for polar organic priority pollutants poses a challenge for monitoring programs. The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) may help to address the challenge of measuring low and fluc ...
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Press2012
Effect concentrations in the toxicity assessment of chemicals with fish and fish cells are generally based on external exposure concentrations. External concentrations as dose metrics, may, however, hamper interpretation and extrapolation of toxicological ...
The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesti ...
Tests with vertebrates are an integral part of environmental hazard identification and risk assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, pharmaceuticals, biocides, feed additives and effluents. These tests raise ethical and economic concerns and are ...
Chemical modification of phage libraries has allowed the in vitro evolution of ligands having properties not provided by natural polypeptides. The development of novel and more diverse chemical reactions on phage was hampered by the lack of analytical meth ...
A pilot-scale hospital wastewater treatment plant consisting of a primary clarifier, membrane bioreactor, and five post-treatment technologies including ozone (O-3), O-3/H2O2, powdered activated carbon (PAC), and low pressure UV light with and without TiO2 ...
With increasing emphasis placed on cleaner chemical synthesis, energy efficiency and waste minimisation, the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals is undergoing a progressive shift from conventional stoichiometric organic processes to a harness ...
Up to now chemical adhesives based on polyurethane are used for the assembling of timber planks to large-scale structural elements, in particular cross-laminated timber panels (CLT), which opened new possibilities for architects and engineers in timber con ...