Celestial spheres

The celestial spheres, or celestial orbs, were the fundamental entities of the cosmological models developed by Plato, Eudoxus, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, and others. In these celestial models, the apparent motions of the fixed stars and planets are accounted for by treating them as embedded in rotating spheres made of an aetherial, transparent fifth element (quintessence), like gems set in orbs. Since it was believed that the fixed stars did not change their positions relative to one another, it was argued that they must be on the surface of a single starry sphere. In modern thought, the orbits of the planets are viewed as the paths of those planets through mostly empty space. Ancient and medieval thinkers, however, considered the celestial orbs to be thick spheres of rarefied matter nested one within the other, each one in complete contact with the sphere above it and the sphere below. When scholars applied Ptolemy's epicycles, they presumed that each planetary sphere was exa

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Ce cours traite des 3 sujets suivants : la perspective, la géométrie descriptive, et une initiation à la géométrie projective.

Introduction à la mécanique des fluides, à l'électromagnétisme et aux phénomènes ondulatoires

Introduce the students to general relativity and its classical tests.

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Chargement

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The Eleventh And Twelfth Data Releases Of The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data From Sdss-Iii

Yuguang Chen, Johan Comparat, Timothée Guy Olivier Delubac, Jean-Paul Richard Kneib, Pierre Laurent, Jian Liu, David Schlegel, Yue Shen, Zheng Zheng

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg(2) of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg(2) of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg(2); 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra.

Iop Publishing Ltd2015

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Inkjet printed superparamagnetic polymer composite hemispheres with programmed magnetic anisotropy

Jürgen Brugger, Victor Javier Cadarso Busto, Rosario Maurizio Gullo, Loïc Jacot-Descombes, Massimo Mastrangeli, Berna Ayse Özkale Edelmann

We present the fabrication and characterization of large arrays of inkjet-printed superparamagnetic polymer composite (SPMPC) hemispherical microstructures. SPMPCs are appealing for applications in microsystems and nanorobotics due to the added functionality of polymers and the significant magnetic attributes of embedded nanostructures. SPMPC-based microarchitectures can be used to perform different functions wirelessly in various media (e.g. water, solvents) using external magnetic fields: handling and assembling small objects, delivering drugs or biomass, or sensing specific physical or chemical changes. In this work superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles are dispersed in SU-8 to form magnetic hemispheres. Magnetically anisotropic hemispheres as well as standard SPMPC hemispheres are fabricated. Magnetic anisotropy is programmed by applying a magnetic field during curing. The distribution of nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix and magnetic characteristics of the SPMPC are investigated. Magnetic manipulation of hemispheres is demonstrated at liquid–liquid interfaces. Different assembly strategies to form lines or geometric shapes from hemispheres as well as their independent dynamic control are demonstrated. Finally, a two-interface assembly strategy is demonstrated to assemble hemispheres into complete spheres for advanced self-assembly tasks.

Royal Soc Chemistry2014

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Smooth Shapes with Spherical Topology: Beyond Traditional Modeling, Efficient Deformation, and Interaction

Pablo Garcia-Amorena Garcia, Daniel Andreas Schmitter, Michaël Unser

Existing shape models with spherical topology are typically designed either in the discrete domain using interpolating polygon meshes or in the continuous domain using smooth but non-interpolating schemes such as subdivision or NURBS. Both polygon models and subdivision methods require a large number of parameters to model smooth surfaces. NURBS need fewer parameters but have a complicated rational expression and non-uniform shifts in their formulation. We present a new method to construct deformable closed surfaces, which includes exact spheres, by combining the best of two worlds: a smooth, interpolating model with a continuously varying tangent plane and well-defined curvature at every point on the surface. Our formulation is considerably simpler than NURBS and requires fewer parameters than polygon meshes. We demonstrate the generality of our method with applications including intuitive user-interactive shape modeling, continuous surface deformation, shape morphing, reconstruction of shapes from parameterized point clouds, and fast iterative shape optimization for image segmentation. Comparisons with discrete methods and non-interpolating approaches highlight the advantages of our framework.

2017

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Géocentrisme

thumb|Modèle géocentrique du système solaire de Ptolémée, d'après le cosmographe et cartographe portugais Bartolomeu Velho (Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris). Le géocentrisme est un modèle phys

Cosmologie

La cosmologie est une branche de la physique qui regroupe les études scientifiques portant sur les propriétés de l'univers dans son ensemble, sa structure. La cosmologie permet d'étudier l'origine et

Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler (ou Keppler), né le à Weil (ville libre d'Empire) et mort le à Ratisbonne (ville libre d'Empire), est un astronome allemand célèbre pour avoir étudié l’hypothèse héliocentrique de Ni

Ce cours traite des 3 sujets suivants : la perspective, la géométrie descriptive, et une initiation à la géométrie projective.

Introduction à la mécanique des fluides, à l'électromagnétisme et aux phénomènes ondulatoires

Introduce the students to general relativity and its classical tests.

Afficher plus