K3 (géométrie)En géométrie différentielle ou algébrique, les surfaces K3 sont les variétés de Calabi-Yau de plus petite dimension différentes des tores. Ce sont des variétés complexes de dimension complexe 2 compactes et kählériennes. Les surfaces K3 possèdent en outre la propriété d'être les seules variétés de Calabi-Yau distincte du 4-tore T d'un point de vue topologique ou différentiel. Cependant, en tant que variété complexe, il y a un nombre infini de surfaces K3 non isomorphes. On peut notamment les distinguer par le biais du .
Linear system of divisorsIn algebraic geometry, a linear system of divisors is an algebraic generalization of the geometric notion of a family of curves; the dimension of the linear system corresponds to the number of parameters of the family. These arose first in the form of a linear system of algebraic curves in the projective plane. It assumed a more general form, through gradual generalisation, so that one could speak of linear equivalence of divisors D on a general scheme or even a ringed space (X, OX).
GéométrieLa géométrie est à l'origine la branche des mathématiques étudiant les figures du plan et de l'espace (géométrie euclidienne). Depuis la fin du , la géométrie étudie également les figures appartenant à d'autres types d'espaces (géométrie projective, géométrie non euclidienne ). Depuis le début du , certaines méthodes d'étude de figures de ces espaces se sont transformées en branches autonomes des mathématiques : topologie, géométrie différentielle et géométrie algébrique.
Complex projective spaceIn mathematics, complex projective space is the projective space with respect to the field of complex numbers. By analogy, whereas the points of a real projective space label the lines through the origin of a real Euclidean space, the points of a complex projective space label the complex lines through the origin of a complex Euclidean space (see below for an intuitive account). Formally, a complex projective space is the space of complex lines through the origin of an (n+1)-dimensional complex vector space.
Minimal model programIn algebraic geometry, the minimal model program is part of the birational classification of algebraic varieties. Its goal is to construct a birational model of any complex projective variety which is as simple as possible. The subject has its origins in the classical birational geometry of surfaces studied by the Italian school, and is currently an active research area within algebraic geometry. The basic idea of the theory is to simplify the birational classification of varieties by finding, in each birational equivalence class, a variety which is "as simple as possible".
Enriques–Kodaira classificationIn mathematics, the Enriques–Kodaira classification is a classification of compact complex surfaces into ten classes. For each of these classes, the surfaces in the class can be parametrized by a moduli space. For most of the classes the moduli spaces are well understood, but for the class of surfaces of general type the moduli spaces seem too complicated to describe explicitly, though some components are known. Max Noether began the systematic study of algebraic surfaces, and Guido Castelnuovo proved important parts of the classification.
Intersection theoryIn mathematics, intersection theory is one of the main branches of algebraic geometry, where it gives information about the intersection of two subvarieties of a given variety. The theory for varieties is older, with roots in Bézout's theorem on curves and elimination theory. On the other hand, the topological theory more quickly reached a definitive form. There is yet an ongoing development of intersection theory. Currently the main focus is on: virtual fundamental cycles, quantum intersection rings, Gromov-Witten theory and the extension of intersection theory from schemes to stacks.
Géométrie birationnellethumb|right|Le cercle est birationnellement équivalent à la droite. Un exemple d'application birationnelle est la projection stéréographique, représentée ici ; avec les notations du texte, P a pour abscisse 1/t. En mathématiques, la géométrie birationnelle est un domaine de la géométrie algébrique dont l'objectif est de déterminer si deux variétés algébriques sont isomorphes, à un ensemble négligeable près. Cela revient à étudier des applications définies par des fonctions rationnelles plutôt que par des polynômes, ces applications n'étant pas définies aux pôles des fonctions.
Dimension of an algebraic varietyIn mathematics and specifically in algebraic geometry, the dimension of an algebraic variety may be defined in various equivalent ways. Some of these definitions are of geometric nature, while some other are purely algebraic and rely on commutative algebra. Some are restricted to algebraic varieties while others apply also to any algebraic set. Some are intrinsic, as independent of any embedding of the variety into an affine or projective space, while other are related to such an embedding.
