Courbe des possibilités de production

Construction graphique Prenons le cas de deux facteurs de production d'une nation, le capital (K) et le travail (L). La boîte d'Edgeworth pour la production donne la répartition possible de ces facteurs pour la production de deux biens (X et Y). Les points sur la courbe, dite courbe optimale de production, correspondent à une utilisation efficiente des deux facteurs. Si on ne se trouve pas sur cette courbe, on peut augmenter la production d'un bien (ou des deux) en se déplaçant sur la courbe. Cette courbe est obtenue en prenant les points de tangence des isoquantes de X et Y. Pour passer au deuxième graphique on procède de la manière suivante. On prend un point sur la courbe optimale de production et on regarde le niveau de production des deux isoquantes tangentes à ce point. On reporte les deux valeurs obtenues de X et Y sur le deuxième graphique: On procède ainsi pour tous les points et on obtient la courbe des possibilités de production. Lorsque X est le beurre et Y l

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MGT-454: Principles of microeconomics

The course allows students to get familiarized with the basic tools and concepts of modern microeconomic analysis. Based on graphical reasoning and analytical calculus, it constantly links to real economic issues.

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MGT-303: Economics of ideas

This class will provide students with an understanding of some real-world issues related to the "knowledge economy." Why should we innovate as a society? Why innovation doesn't just happen and how can the government help firms innovate? We will answer these questions and others using economic tools.

Network design of moving walkways in transportation hubs

Charles Albert Jeanbart

Transportation hubs, such as airports and train stations, tend to experience congestion as their recent diversication of services attracts more people and the demand for mobility keeps increasing, while the expansion possibilities of the infrastructure are limited. Moving walkways, whose use is widespread to deal with long walking distances, can be a key infrastructure to reduce conges- tion and travel time. We develop an optimization framework which explores the disposition of moving walkways in transportation hubs with respect to two contrasting objectives: minimizing both the total travel time and the total in- stallation (capital) cost. We dene ow-dependent walking speed functions to model congestion. Its in uence on the route choice made by the pedestrians is then included thanks to a user-equilibrium formulation. This methodology is applied to the future train station of Lausanne, Switzerland. Simulations yield positive results with respect to travel time savings and also reveal chal- lenging aspects linked to the intersection between pedestrian ows and moving walkways.

2018

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OsmoseLua – An Integrated Approach to Energy Systems Integration with LCIA and GIS

Maziar Kermani, Lindsay Dianne Lessard, François Maréchal, Min-Jung Yoo

In this paper, we present our recent work on the implementation of an Energy Systems Integration platform allowing the modeling of Energy Systems integrating LCI (Life Cycle Inventory), LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) and GIS (Geographical Information Systems) data as modeling parameters and variables included in an industrial process model. Based on our previous experience in methodologies and models of Energy Systems Integrations, we developed a new generation of the platform using the script language Lua. The main motivation for choosing Lua was to radically improve the performance of the system, which was the main drawback of the existing Matlab-based system, while proposing a more convenient way of describing the modeling elements and their combination. The second objective of our work was to integrate LCI and LCIA aspects as a generic part of the Energy Systems modeling methodology. We are currently working on the process data mapping algorithm in order to match the appropriate Unit process and Elementary flows identifiers used in the ecoinvent v3 database. Thirdly, by having the possibility of importing GIS databases (in csv format), some coordination data, such as longitude and latitude, can be directly included as Energy System elements' location parameters. This possibility improves the efficiency in modeling the energy integration of urban systems.

Elsevier2015

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An exploration of moving walkways as a transport system in urban centers

Farzaneh Bahrami, Michel Bierlaire, André Ourednik, Riccardo Scarinci

Moving walkways (MW) have been imagined as a possible means of transport since the late 19th century, and this system has fascinated urban planners and engineers ever since. Contrary to what has been imagined, moving walkways are only used in transportation hub corridors, and not as a main transport mode in city centers. Today however, MWs are receiving increasing attention as a possible solution to congestion and pollution, as well as a catalyst for soft mobility. This paper explores the role of moving walkways as a transport system, and it presents an optimized design of a network of MWs in a city center. We review historical MWs, current installations and future possibilities, using different perspectives, from geography to urban planning to transport engineering. We discuss the way in which MWs influence how people inhabit the urban space, and we review this system in the context of history of urban planning. Then, we describe a technological development called accelerating moving walkways (AMW), i.e. MWs able to reach a higher speed than traditional ones. We develop an optimization framework to design a network of AMWs, and we apply it to a real case study. The results of the network design are a reference useful to discuss the feasibility of the system starting from an engineering perspective. We conclude that the use of MWs can facilitate the flexibility and spontaneity typical of pedestrian movements, and this system could be integrated in the mix of urban transport modes in city centers.

Editorial Board Ejtir2017

Chargement

Économie (discipline)

L'économie (ou économie politique, science économique) est une discipline qui étudie l'économie en tant qu'activité humaine, qui consiste en la production, la distribution, l'échange et la consommat

Microéconomie

La microéconomie (ou micro-économie) est la branche de l'économie qui modélise le comportement des agents économiques (consommateurs, ménages, entreprises) et leurs interactions notamment sur les ma

Production

La production est l'action d'un sujet qui transforme une matière première pour faire exister un nouvel objet. On rencontre ce phénomène de production dans la société, mais aussi bien dans la nature