BRCA1

Résumé

Le gène BRCA1 (abréviation de breast cancer 1) est un gène humain découvert en 1990 par Mary-Claire King, appartenant à une classe de gènes suppresseurs de tumeur, qui maintiennent l'intégrité génomique afin de prévenir la prolifération incontrôlée de cellules mammaires. La protéine BRCA1 est multifactorielle : elle est impliquée dans la réparation des dommages de l'ADN, l'ubiquitination, la régulation transcriptionnelle, ainsi que dans d'autres fonctions. Les variations du gène ont été impliquées dans un certain nombre de cancers héréditaires, comme le cancer du sein, des ovaires et de la prostate. Fonctions et mécanisme d'action Structure Le gène BRCA1 est situé sur le bras long (q) du au niveau de la , entre les paires de base et . Ce gène composé de code, par l'intermédiaire d'un messager, une protéine formée de . Réparation de l'ADN La protéine BRCA1 est directement impliquée dans la réparation de l' endommagé. Dans le noyau de nombreux

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCA1

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The course covers in detail molecular mechanisms of cancer development with emphasis on cell cycle control, genome stability, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

This course provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of cancer, illustrating the mechanisms that cancer cells use to grow and disseminate at the expense of normal tissues and organs.

In this course we will study the cell (minimum unit of life) and its components. We will study several key cellular features: Membranes, genomes, channels and receptors. We will apply the laws of physics to develop models to make quantitative and predictive statements.

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PRDX1 Counteracts Catastrophic Telomeric Cleavage Events That Are Triggered by DNA Repair Activities Post Oxidative Damage

Wareed Ahmed

Telomeres are prone to damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidized telomeric DNA and nucleotide substrates inhibit telomerase, causing telomere shortening. In addition, ROS can induce telomeric single-strand DNA breaks (SSBs). The peroxiredoxin-PRDX1 is enriched in telomeric chromatin and this counteracts ROS-induced telomere damage. Here, we identify DNA processing after oxidative stress as a main source of telomeric DNA cleavage events in the absence of PRDX1. In PRDX1-depleted cells, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent telomeric repair is often incomplete, giving persistent SSBs that are converted into telomeric double-strand breaks during replication, leading to rapid telomere shortening. Interestingly, PARP1 inhibition dampens telomere shortening, triggering stabilization of the homologous recombination (HR) factor BRCA1 and RAD51-mediated repair of telomeres. Overall, our results reveal that, in the absence PRDX1, incomplete PARP1-dependent DNA repair and competition between PARP1 and HR cause ROS-induced telomeric catastrophe.

2020

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Biochemical and biophysical characterization of ruthenation of BRCA1 RING protein by RAPTA complexes and its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity

Paul Joseph Dyson, Laure Menin, Luc Patiny

RAPTA compounds, ([Ru(eta(6)-arene)(PTA)Cl-2], PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), have been reported to overcome drug resistance in cisplatin resistant cells. However, the exact mechanism of these complexes is still largely unexplored. In this study, the interaction of some RAPTA compounds with the N-terminal fragment of the BRCA1 RING domain protein was investigated. The binding of the RAPTA compounds to the BRCA1 protein resulted in a release of Zn2+ ions in a dose and time dependent manner, as well as thermal alteration of ruthenated-BRCA1 proteins. Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD) fragmentation mass spectrometry revealed the preferential binding sites of the RAPTA complexes on the BRCA1 zinc finger RING domain at a similar short peptide stretch, Cys(24)Lys(25)Phe(26)Cys(27)Met(28)Leu(29) and Lys(35) (residues 44-49 and 55 on full length BRCA1). Changes in the conformation and binding constants of ruthenium-BRCA1 adducts were established, resulting in inactivation of the RING heterodimer BRCA1/BARD1-mediated E3 ubiquitin ligase function. These findings could provide mechanistic insight into the mode of action of RAPTA complexes for on tested BRCA1 model protein. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2017

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Computer analysis of a conserved domain, BRCT, first described at the carboxyl terminus of the breast cancer protein BRCA1, a p53 binding protein (53BP1), and the yeast cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD9 revealed a large superfamily of domains that occur predominantly in proteins involved in cell cycle checkpoint functions responsive to DNA damage. The BRCT domain consists of approximately 95 amino acid residues and occurs as a tandem repeat at the carboxyl terminus of numerous proteins, but has been observed also as a tandem repeat at the amino terminus or as a single copy. The BRCT superfamily presently includes approximately 40 nonorthologous proteins, namely, BRCA1, 53BP1, and RAD9; a protein family that consists of the fission yeast replication checkpoint protein Rad4, the oncoprotein ECT2, the DNA repair protein XRCC1, and yeast DNA polymerase subunit DPB11; DNA binding enzymes such as terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferases, deoxycytidyl transferase involved in DNA repair, and DNA-ligases III and IV; yeast multifunctional transcription factor RAP1; and several uncharacterized gene products. Another previously described domain that is shared by bacterial NAD-dependent DNA-ligases, the large subunits of eukaryotic replication factor C, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases appears to be a distinct version of the BRCT domain. The retinoblastoma protein (a universal tumor suppressor) and related proteins may contain a distant relative of the BRCT domain. Despite the functional diversity of all these proteins, participation in DNA damage-responsive checkpoints appears to be a unifying theme. Thus, the BRCT domain is likely to perform critical, yet uncharacterized, functions in the cell cycle control of organisms from bacteria to humans. The carboxyterminal BRCT domain of BRCA1 corresponds precisely to the recently identified minimal transcription activation domain of this protein, indicating one such function.

1997

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