BRCA mutationA BRCA mutation is a mutation in either of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are tumour suppressor genes. Hundreds of different types of mutations in these genes have been identified, some of which have been determined to be harmful, while others have no proven impact. Harmful mutations in these genes may produce a hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndrome in affected persons. Only 5–10% of breast cancer cases in women are attributed to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (with BRCA1 mutations being slightly more common than BRCA2 mutations), but the impact on women with the gene mutation is more profound.
Ubiquitine ligaseL’ubiquitine ligase, ou ubiquitine ligase E3, est une ligase qui catalyse la réaction : ATP + ubiquitine + lysine–proteine AMP + diphosphate + N-ubiquityllysine–protéine. Cette enzyme recrute l' E2 chargée en ubiquitine, reconnaît une protéine substrat, et assiste ou catalyse directement le transfert de l'ubiquitine de l'enzyme E2 vers la protéine substrat. L'ubiquitine est liée à un résidu de lysine sur la protéine cible par une liaison isopeptidique.
NibrinNibrin, also known as NBN or NBS1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NBN gene. Nibrin is a protein associated with the repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) which pose serious damage to a genome. It is a 754 amino acid protein identified as a member of the NBS1/hMre11/RAD50(N/M/R, more commonly referred to as MRN) double strand DNA break repair complex. This complex recognizes DNA damage and rapidly relocates to DSB sites and forms nuclear foci.
RING finger domainIn molecular biology, a RING (short for Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain is a protein structural domain of zinc finger type which contains a C3HC4 amino acid motif which binds two zinc cations (seven cysteines and one histidine arranged non-consecutively). This protein domain contains 40 to 60 amino acids. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.
ABL (gene)Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene (previous symbol ABL) located on chromosome 9. c-Abl is sometimes used to refer to the version of the gene found within the mammalian genome, while v-Abl refers to the viral gene, which was initially isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus. The ABL1 proto-oncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response such as DNA repair.
AnnexectomieL'annexectomie est l’ablation chirurgicale d’une trompe de Fallope et de l’ovaire (anatomie) correspondant. Il s’agit donc de l’ablation d’un ovaire et de la trompe de Fallope (salpynx) qui lui est associée. En anatomie, une annexe est un élément qui dépend d’un organe principal. Concernant l’anatomie des organes féminins il s’agit des deux annexes (droite et gauche) de l’utérus (trompes de Fallope, ovaires, ligament large). Le terme d’annexectomie est composé avec le suffixe grec ἐκτομή, ektomê qui désigne une excision, une ablation.
Prophylactic surgeryProphylactic surgery (also known as preventive surgery or risk-reducing surgery), is a form of surgery whose purpose is to minimize or prevent the risk of developing cancer in an organ or gland that has yet to develop cancer and is known to be at high risk of developing cancer. This form of preventive healthcare may include surgeries such as mastectomies, oophorectomies, colectomies and surgical corrections, such as the surgical correction of cryptorchidism or undescended testis.
Germline mutationA germline mutation, or germinal mutation, is any detectable variation within germ cells (cells that, when fully developed, become sperm and ova). Mutations in these cells are the only mutations that can be passed on to offspring, when either a mutated sperm or oocyte come together to form a zygote. After this fertilization event occurs, germ cells divide rapidly to produce all of the cells in the body, causing this mutation to be present in every somatic and germline cell in the offspring; this is also known as a constitutional mutation.
