Moteur à combustion interne

vignette|upright|Moteur à quatre temps. Un moteur à combustion interne ou MCI ( ou ICE) est un type de , c'est-à-dire un moteur permettant d'obtenir un travail mécanique à partir d'un gaz en surpression, cette dernière étant obtenue à l'aide d'un processus de combustion. Dans le cas d'un moteur à combustion interne, cette combustion a lieu à l'intérieur du moteur. Il existe deux grands types de moteurs à combustion interne : les moteurs produisant un couple sur un arbre mécanique et les moteurs à réaction éjectant rapidement un fluide par une tuyère. Moteurs fournissant un couple sur un arbre vignette|upright|Combustion dans un cylindre. Moteur à combustion :

moteur à allumage commandé : moteur à deux temps, moteur à quatre temps, moteur à piston rotatif (moteur Wankel) ;
moteur à allumage par compression : moteur Diesel et semi-diesel, à deux temps ou à quatre temps ;
moteur à gaz. Voir aussi gazogène, gaz de pétrole liquéfié, gaz naturel pour véhicules (GNV). T

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ME-251: Thermodynamics and energetics I

Introduction aux principes de la thermodynamique, propriétés thermodynamiques de la matière et à leur calcul. Les étudiants maîtriseront les concepts de conservation (chaleur, masse, quantité de mouvement) et appliqueront ces concepts au cycles thermodynamiques et systèmes de conversion d'énergie.

ME-460: Renewable energy (for ME)

The students assess and compare all renewable energy resources, their real potentials, limitations and best applications (energy services). Solar thermal, solar electric, wood, bioliquids, biogas, hydropower incl. tidal and wave power, wind, geothermal incl. heat pumps and buildings.

ME-351: Thermodynamics and energetics II

This course will discuss advanced topics in thermodynamics with a focus on studying gas phases, mixtures, phase transformations and combustion. The application of these principles to various practical systems such as batteries, fuel cells etc. will be discussed.

Moteur Diesel

Le moteur Diesel, appelé également moteur à allumage par compression, est un moteur à combustion et explosion dont la combustion est déclenchée lors de l'injection de carburant dans la chambre de com

Automobile

Une automobile (simplification historique de l'expression « voiture légère automobile ») est un véhicule à roues, motorisé et destiné au transport terrestre de quelques personnes et de leurs bagages

Moteur à deux temps

Un moteur à deux temps comporte un ou des pistons qui se déplacent dans les cylindres et effectuent un cycle complet de combustion en seulement deux mouvements linéaires. Le déplacement du piston da

Performance evolution and modeling of PEM fuel cell systems

Nicolas Roggo

In the context of climate change mitigation, different alternatives to reduce the atmospheric CO2 emissions are; increasing the efficiency, switching to renewable resource and reduce emissions from fossil resources by CO2 capture and storage (CCS) . Hydrogen is considered as potential alternative to cover the energy needs by using it as a fuel in internal combustion engines or fuel cells, or as chemical source. In proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, also known as polymer exchange membrane fuel cells, pure hydrogen fuelis combined with the oxygen from the atmosphere to produce water, heat and electricity. Many research has been done in recent years on fuel cell systems leading to higher efficiencies. The performance is influenced by the membrane properties, the catalysts, the number of cells and the operating conditions. For studying the performance of fuel cell systems process modeling is a well-known approach. Here the evolution of fuel cell efficiency, especially of PEMFC is studied within the aim of updating previously developed PEMFC process models to integrate them with different hydrogen production processes using fossil and renewable resources in order to assess the competitiveness on the energy market.

2012

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Fueling a SOFC with agricultural waste derived biogas - Analysing the Swiss case -

Samuel Joseph Christian Majerus

The use of fuel cells for valorising agricultural and food-waste-derived biogas in Switzerland is studied. The Swiss agricultural case is characterised by farms with small numbers of animals (20 cows) and high feed-in tariffs for biogas derived electricity. Thus, small-scale biogas installations are reviewed and the possibility to couple them with solid oxide fuel cells and photovoltaic panels is analysed. It is shown that solid oxide fuel cells become competitive over combustion engines if the investment cost of the first decreases to 13,000 CHF/kWel with a lifetime of 10 years. However, a small-scale biogas installation is not profitable yet: the main challenge is to bring down the lifetime cost of the fuel cells and to reduce the investment cost of small-scale biogas facilities to around 6,000 CHF/kWch. The case of equipping the EPFL and UNIL sites with a digester and a solid oxide fuel cell is examined and is considered feasible from a technical and legal point.

2016

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Robust control for an electromagnetic actuator for a camless engine

Zlatina Kirilova Dimitrova

The increase of the effective efficiency of the internal combustion engines is important for the fuel consumption reduction and the CO2 emission reduction. The variable engine valve trains are important for the gas exchanges and influence directly the effective efficiency of the internal combustion engine. With the increased electrifications of the vehicles, variable valve train based on electricity driven actuators presents interest for investigation for gasoline engines for vehicular application. This article presents an innovative application of an electromagnetic actuator for a future variable engine valve train. The actuators are designed for small gasoline engine. The design of a high performing and dynamic electromechanical system leads to a nonlinear behavior of the actuator. The nonlinearities that have to be faced come from the magnetic laws and the mechanical friction. In the final control strategy, it is proposed to compensate them both with nonlinear feedforward actions and with a linear robust feedback controller, which is able to reject all what cannot be predicted. An experimental test bench is built for the correlation of the control model with experimental measures. Control strategies are developed and the performance indicators of the actuators are evaluated. The robust controller method uses CRONE system control methodology. The investigations show that very good dynamic performances of the controller are obtained.

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2019

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