Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, the owners and operators are responsible to maintain their facilities in accordance with a design-basis that is rooted in laws, including the local building code and fire code, which are enforced by the authority having jurisdiction.
Buildings must be constructed in accordance with the version of the building code that is in effect when an application for a building permit is made. Building inspectors check on compliance of a building under construction with the building code. Once construction is complete, a building must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, which is enforced by the fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire. Lessons learned from fires are applied to the authoring of both building codes and fire codes.
Fire class
When deciding on what fire protection is appropriate for any given situation, it is important to assess the types of fire hazards that may be faced.
Some jurisdictions operate systems of classifying fires using code letters. Whilst these may agree on some classifications, they also vary. Below is a table showing the standard operated in Europe and Australia against the system used in the United States.
1 Technically there is no such thing as a "Class E" fire, as electricity itself does not burn. However, it is considered a dangerous and very deadly complication to a fire, therefore using the incorrect extinguishing method can result in serious injury or death.
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Une installation fixe d'extinction automatique à eau (IFEA ou IEA), dénommée aussi sprinkler (francisé en sprinkleur) ou gicleur au Canada, est un appareil d'extinction se déclenchant en cas de chaleur excessive dans un local ou un site à protéger lors d'un incendie. Ce système, qui est mis en réseau au-dessus de la zone à protéger, comporte trois éléments constitutifs : des têtes extinctrices (buses) vissées sur des canalisations, le tout relié à un poste de contrôle qui régule l'arrivée de l'eau.
vignette|Symbole du système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques indiquant un produit chimique inflammable. vignette|Diagramme d'inflammabilité du méthane. Zone en orange : compositions inflammables. Ligne en bleu : mélanges méthane-air. Ligne en rouge : oxygène et méthane dans les proportions stœchiométriques de la combustion. Ligne en brun : 12 % d'oxygène. L'inflammabilité est la capacité d'un combustible à s'enflammer et à maintenir sa combustion.
Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce destruction caused by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are intended to prevent the ignition of an uncontrolled fire and those that are used to limit the spread and impact of a fire. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing and those that are taught or provided to occupants of the building. Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards.
Plonge dans les principes fondamentaux de la protection contre l'incendie, en soulignant l'importance du dialogue avec les experts et les défis pour assurer la sécurité incendie dans différents bâtiments.
Explore les principes de sécurité incendie dans la construction, y compris les mesures préventives, les concepts d'extinction et les méthodes innovantes pour améliorer la résistance au feu.
This study examines the impact of light absorption from biomass burning (BB) brown carbon (BrC) in the Mediterranean basin from local and distant fire incidents during a typical fire season in August 2019 and under severe fire activity in August 2021. The ...
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2023
Bridges are a critical component of national infrastructures and economies. A significant percentage of bridges built all around the world are made of reinforced concrete which according to building codes have a life span between 80-100 years. However, str ...
EPFL2022
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The conception of epoxy thermosets with both reprocessability and flame retardancy delineates a new horizon in polymer science, offering a material solution that is not only superior in fire safety but is also environment friendly. Herein, a flame-retardan ...