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Concept
Network operating system
Résumé
A network operating system (NOS) is a specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall.
Historically operating systems with networking capabilities were described as network operating systems, because they allowed personal computers (PCs) to participate in computer networks and within a local area network (LAN). This description of operating systems is now largely historical, as common operating systems include a network stack to support a client–server model.
Early microcomputer operating systems such as CP/M, MS-DOS and classic Mac OS were designed for one user on one computer. Packet switching networks were developed to share hardware resources, such as a mainframe computer, a printer or a large and expensive hard disk. As local area network technology became available, two general approaches to handle sharing of resources on networks arose.
Historically a network operating system was an operating system for a computer which implemented network capabilities. Operating systems with a network stack allowed personal computers to participate in a client-server architecture in which a server enables multiple clients to share resources, such as printers. Early examples of client-server operating systems that were shipped with fully integrated network capabilities are Novell NetWare using the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) network protocol and Banyan VINES which used a variant of the Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols.
These limited client/server networks were gradually replaced by Peer-to-peer networks, which used networking capabilities to share resources and files located on a variety of computers of all sizes. A peer-to-peer network sets all connected computers equal; they all share the same abilities to use resources available on the network. The most popular peer-to-peer networks as of 2020 are Ethernet, Wi-Fi and the Internet protocol suite. Software that allowed users to interact with these networks, despite a lack of networking support in the underlying manufacturer's operating system, was sometimes called a network operating system.
Source officielle
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Concepts associés (4)
Commutation de paquets
La commutation de paquets, ou commutation par paquets, ou encore transmission par paquets, est une technique utilisée pour le transfert de données informatiques dans des réseaux spécialisés. Elle existe en deux grandes variantes : les datagrammes (données transmises sans connexions connues dans le réseau), et les circuits virtuels (données transmises avec connexions connues dans le réseau). La commutation par paquets est une méthode de regroupement de données qui sont transmises sur un réseau numérique sous forme de paquets composés d'un en-tête et d'une charge utile.
Partage de ressource
In computing, a shared resource, or network share, is a computer resource made available from one host to other hosts on a computer network. It is a device or piece of information on a computer that can be remotely accessed from another computer transparently as if it were a resource in the local machine. Network sharing is made possible by inter-process communication over the network. Some examples of shareable resources are computer programs, data, storage devices, and printers. E.g.
AppleTalk
est un protocole de communication d'Apple. Il est employé par les ordinateurs Macintosh depuis 1984, d'abord en tant que partie intégrante du réseau LocalTalk puis en tant que protocole autonome (couches 3 à 5), le plus souvent au sein de trames Ethernet, l'ensemble étant baptisé EtherTalk. Utilisé jusqu'à la version Mac OS X 10.5.x du système d'exploitation, il a disparu dans Mac OS X 10.6. Le protocole TCP/IP et la technologie Bonjour ont définitivement pris le relais. LocalTalk EtherType Catégorie:Protoc