Concept
Artisan
Concepts associés (16)
Craft
A craft or trade is a pastime or an occupation that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work. In a historical sense, particularly the Middle Ages and earlier, the term is usually applied to people occupied in small scale production of goods, or their maintenance, for example by tinkers. The traditional term craftsman is nowadays often replaced by artisan and by craftsperson. Historically, the more specialized crafts with high-value products tended to concentrate in urban centers and their practitioners formed guilds.
Maître de guilde
Historically, a master craftsman or master tradesman (sometimes called only master or grandmaster) was a member of a guild. The title survives as the highest professional qualification in craft industries. In the European guild system, only masters and journeymen were allowed to be members of the guild. An aspiring master would have to pass through the career chain from apprentice to journeyman before he could be elected to become a master craftsman. He would then have to produce a sum of money and a masterpiece before he could actually join the guild.
Journeyman
A journeyman is a worker, skilled in a given building trade or craft, who has successfully completed an official apprenticeship qualification. Journeymen are considered competent and authorized to work in that field as a fully qualified employee. They earn their license by education, supervised experience and examination. Although journeymen have completed a trade certificate and are allowed to work as employees, they may not yet work as self-employed master craftsmen. The term "journeyman" was originally used in the medieval trade guilds.
Shoemaking
Shoemaking is the process of making footwear. Originally, shoes were made one at a time by hand, often by groups of shoemakers, or cordwainers (sometimes misidentified as cobblers, who repair shoes rather than make them). In the 18th century, dozens or even hundreds of masters, journeymen and apprentices (both men and women) would work together in a shop, dividing up the work into individual tasks. A customer could come into a shop, be individually measured, and return to pick up their new shoes in as little as a day.
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners to gain a license to practice in a regulated occupation. Most of their training is done while working for an employer who helps the apprentices learn their trade or profession, in exchange for their continued labor for an agreed period after they have achieved measurable competencies.
Skilled worker
A skilled worker is any worker who has special skill, training, knowledge which they can then apply to their work. A skilled worker may have learned their skills on the work experience, on-the-job training, an apprenticeship program or formal education. These skills often lead to better outcomes economically. The definition of a skilled worker has seen change throughout the 20th century, largely due to the industrial impact of the Great Depression and World War II.
Tradesperson
A tradesperson is a skilled worker that specializes in a particular trade. Tradespeople usually gain their skills through work experience, on-the-job training, an apprenticeship program or formal education. As opposed to a craftsperson or an artisan, a tradesperson is not necessarily restricted to manual work. In Victorian England: The terms "skilled worker," "craftsman," "artisan," and "tradesman" were used in senses that overlap. All describe people with specialized training in the skills needed for a particular kind of work.
Arts décoratifs
vignette|Bureau à cylindre du roi de France Louis XV, commencé par Jean-François Oeben et achevé par Jean-Henri Riesener. Les arts décoratifs sont pratiqués par les métiers d'art traditionnellement définis par leurs productions ornementales et fonctionnelles, par les techniques utilisées et par les matériaux auxquels ils donnent forme : la céramique, le bois, le verre, le métal, le textile, le stuc ou la pierre, voire la pierre précieuse. Les arts décoratifs sont souvent opposés aux beaux-arts (c'est-à-dire l'architecture, la peinture, le dessin, la photographie, la sculpture.
Guilde
Une guilde, ou ghilde ou gilde désignait au Moyen Âge () une association ou coopération de personnes pratiquant une activité commune, généralement des marchands, qui, s'étant dotés de règles et de privilèges spécifiques, demandaient protection aux autorités d'une ville ou d'un État. De nos jours, ce terme, quelque peu désuet, désigne une association privée ayant un but précis. Ce mot provient du vieux norrois gildi signifiant « coopération » ou « assemblée » ou « troupe » (autour d'un repas ou d'une trinquerie, beuverie, potacio) et par extension, accord, entente, de personnes entre elles.
Arts and Crafts Movement
thumb|right|270px|Papier peint conçu par William Morris. Le Arts and Crafts movement, littéralement « mouvement Arts et artisanats », est un mouvement artistique réformateur dans les domaines de l'architecture, des arts décoratifs, de la peinture et de la sculpture, né au Royaume-Uni dans les années 1860 et qui se développa durant les années 1880 à 1910, à la fin de l'époque victorienne. Il peut être considéré comme l'initiateur du Modern style, concurrent anglo-saxon de l'Art nouveau français et belge (Henry Van de Velde et Victor Horta).