The model year (sometimes abbreviated "MY") is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years. The model year may or may not be the same as the calendar year in which the product was manufactured.
Automobiles in the United States and Canada are identified and regulated by model year, whereas other markets use production date (month/year) to identify specific vehicles, and model codes in place of the "year" (model year) in the North American make-model-year identifier.
In technical documents generated within the auto industry and its regulating agencies such as the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and United States Environmental Protection Agency and Transport Canada and Environment Canada, the letters "MY" often precede the year (as in "MY2019" or "MY93"). Even without this prefix, however, in the North American context it is usually the model year rather than the vehicle's calendar year of production that is being referred to.
The new model year typically begins in August to September of the preceding calendar year, though can be as early as February, such being the case for the fourth generation 2022 Acura MDX, which started production in January 2021. This was partly due to the advertising of a new model being coordinated with the launch of the new television season in late September, because of the heavy dependence between television to offer products from automakers to advertise, and the car companies to launch their new models at a high-profile time of year. Imported cars use the model year convention in the U.S. and Canada, even when this system is not used for the same cars when sold in other countries.
The concept of yearly styling updates (a practice adopted from the fashion industry) was introduced to General Motors' range of cars by Alfred P. Sloan in the 1920s. This was an early form of planned obsolescence in the car industry, where yearly styling changes meant consumers could easily discern a car's newness, or lack of it.
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Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes. They are generally designed to achieve air quality standards and to protect human life. Different regions and countries have different standards for vehicle emissions. Many emissions standards focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles (motor cars) and other powered vehicles.
La consommation de carburant d’une automobile est le volume de carburant utilisé lors d'un trajet rapporté à la distance parcourue. L’unité utilisée pour la consommation de carburant est le « litre pour cent kilomètres » (noté ). En Europe, la consommation de carburant fait partie des données nécessaires pour l'homologation des véhicules automobiles. La réduction de consommation des véhicules automobiles constitue un enjeu important pour la société par ses effets sur le réchauffement climatique, la qualité de l'air et les économies des pays sous forte dépendance énergétique.
Un véhicule polycarburant ou VCM est un véhicule dont le moteur peut utiliser deux ou trois types de carburants. On dit aussi véhicule bi-combustible, tri-combustible ou multi-carburant. L'acronyme « VCM » (pour « véhicule à carburant modulable ») est la dénomination officielle française. Le terme anglophone « Flex fuel », couramment utilisé pour désigner tout type de véhicule polycarburant, désigne en français une technique particulière de moteur polycarburant.