Calcite

Résumé

La calcite est un minéral, pouvant être d'origine biochimique (biominéralisation), composé de carbonate naturel de calcium de formule CaCO3, avec des traces de certains métaux de transition, certains métaux alcalino-terreux et deux métaux post-transitionnels. L'abondance des cations autres que le calcium explique la richesse des variétés décrites pour ce minéral. Polymorphe de l’aragonite et de la vatérite, isostructurale avec la nitratine et l'otavite, la calcite forme une série continue avec la rhodochrosite. Elle est souvent présente dans les roches carbonatées, et dans une moindre mesure dans les roches métamorphiques et les météorites. Découverte et étymologie Connue depuis l’antiquité, la calcite est abondamment décrite et analysée dès le , notamment de par les propriétés optiques curieuses du spath d'Islande : la biréfringence de ce cristal, découverte en 1669 par Rasmus Bartholin, sera étudiée par Christiaan Huygens (1678), Étienne Louis Malus (1810) et William N

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite

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The grinding tip of the sea urchin tooth exhibits exquisite control over calcite crystal orientation and Mg distribution

Anders Meibom

The sea urchin tooth is a remarkable grinding tool. Even though the tooth is composed almost entirely of calcite, it is used to grind holes into a rocky substrate itself often composed of calcite. Here, we use 3 complementary high-resolution tools to probe aspects of the structure of the grinding tip: X-ray photoelectron emission spectromicroscopy (X-PEEM), X-ray microdiffraction, and NanoSIMS. We confirm that the needles and plates are aligned and show here that even the high Mg polycrystalline matrix constituents are aligned with the other 2 structural elements when imaged at 20-nm resolution. Furthermore, we show that the entire tooth is composed of 2 cooriented polycrystalline blocks that differ in their orientations by only a few degrees. A unique feature of the grinding tip is that the structural elements from each coaligned block interdigitate. This interdigitation may influence the fracture process by creating a corrugated grinding surface. We also show that the overall Mg content of the tooth structural elements increases toward the grinding tip. This probably contributes to the increasing hardness of the tooth from the periphery to the tip. Clearly the formation of the tooth, and the tooth tip in particular, is amazingly well controlled. The improved understanding of these structural features could lead to the design of better mechanical grinding and cutting tools.

2009

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Covalent attachment of proteins to calcite surface for the single molecule experiments

Two protocols of covalent attachment of proteins onto the calcite surface, viz. one using the metallochelat and second using the aminohexil, are elaborated. Single molecule force spectroscopy method has been used to test their efficiency and practical applicability. Experiments were performed measuring the specific interaction force between bovine serum albumin (BSA) fixed onto the freshly cleaved calcite single crystal surface (procedure under the study here) and its polyclonal antibody (Ab-BSA) immobilized onto an AFM tip using standard and well studied procedure. We found the conditions, when up to 3-3.5% of tip-sample approaches lead to the formation of a single specific bond. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2008

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Oxygen isotope compositions of calcite foraminifera tests are considered to be a robust palaeotemperature proxy at earth-surface conditions, where diffusion is slow. Recrystallization of tests during diagenesis may be optically identified and is often the basis for excluding such samples from paleotemperature calculations e.g. “glassy” vs. “frosty” foraminifera. However, biogenic and abiogenic calcite can isotopically reequilibrate and recrystallize in calcite-saturated fluids, even at low temperatures (

2019

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