Tagged pointerIn computer science, a tagged pointer is a pointer (concretely a memory address) with additional data associated with it, such as an indirection bit or reference count. This additional data is often "folded" into the pointer, meaning stored inline in the data representing the address, taking advantage of certain properties of memory addressing. The name comes from "tagged architecture" systems, which reserved bits at the hardware level to indicate the significance of each word; the additional data is called a "tag" or "tags", though strictly speaking "tag" refers to data specifying a type, not other data; however, the usage "tagged pointer" is ubiquitous.
SizeofDans les langages de programmation C et C++, l'opérateur unaire sizeof donne la taille en bytes de son opérande. L'opérande peut être un spécificateur de type ou une expression. Les types primitifs tels que char, int ou void* (non exhaustif) ont une taille dépendante du système pour lequel le code est compilé, elle est généralement documentée pour chaque système. Les structures, quant à elles, contiennent souvent plusieurs champs de types différents, la taille totale dépend donc de l'alignement de ses champs ainsi que de son alignement total.
Flat memory modelFlat memory model or linear memory model refers to a memory addressing paradigm in which "memory appears to the program as a single contiguous address space." The CPU can directly (and linearly) address all of the available memory locations without having to resort to any sort of bank switching, memory segmentation or paging schemes.
Collection (type de données)En programmation informatique, une collection est un regroupement d'un nombre variable d'éléments de données (éventuellement zéro) qui ont une signification commune pour le problème à résoudre et qui doivent être traités ensemble d'une manière contrôlée. En général, les éléments de données sont du même type ou, dans les langages supportant l'héritage, dérivés d'un type ancêtre commun.
Adresse physiqueIn computing, a physical address (also real address, or binary address), is a memory address that is represented in the form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus to access a particular storage cell of main memory, or a register of memory-mapped I/O device. In a computer supporting virtual memory, the term physical address is used mostly to differentiate from a virtual address.
Nullable typeNullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type. In statically typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not), equivalent behavior is provided by having a single null value. NULL is frequently used to represent a missing value or invalid value, such as from a function that failed to return or a missing field in a database, as in NULL in SQL.
Mutator methodIn computer science, a mutator method is a method used to control changes to a variable. They are also widely known as setter methods. Often a setter is accompanied by a getter, which returns the value of the private member variable. They are also known collectively as accessors. The mutator method is most often used in object-oriented programming, in keeping with the principle of encapsulation.
VoidEn programmation informatique, void est un mot-clé que l'on retrouve dans le langage C (qui signifie "vide" ou "nul") et plusieurs autres langages de programmation, comme le C++, le C# ou le Java. Le mot-clé void peut être utilisé là où se place habituellement le type de retour d'une fonction, comme int pour un entier ou string pour une chaîne de caractères. Lorsque le programmeur écrit void, cela permet d'indiquer que la fonction ne renvoie rien. C'est ce qu'on appelle une procédure dans d'autres langages, comme Pascal et Visual Basic.
Control tableControl tables are tables that control the control flow or play a major part in program control. There are no rigid rules about the structure or content of a control table—its qualifying attribute is its ability to direct control flow in some way through "execution" by a processor or interpreter. The design of such tables is sometimes referred to as table-driven design (although this typically refers to generating code automatically from external tables rather than direct run-time tables).
Typedeftypedef is a reserved keyword in the programming languages C, C++, and Objective-C. It is used to create an additional name (alias) for another data type, but does not create a new type, except in the obscure case of a qualified typedef of an array type where the typedef qualifiers are transferred to the array element type. As such, it is often used to simplify the syntax of declaring complex data structures consisting of struct and union types, although it is also commonly used to provide specific descriptive type names for integer data types of varying sizes.
