Wagon couvertUn wagon couvert est un type de wagon ferroviaire constitué d'une caisse, généralement en bois, couverte d'un matériau étanche permettant de transporter des marchandises craignant l'eau ou d'une certaine fragilité. Dans certaines circonstances, ces wagons furent amenés à transporter des hommes. Afin de permettre chargements et déchargements, ce type de wagon comporte une ou deux portes de grande largeur par côté. En Amérique du Nord, le wagon couvert est appelé Boxcar (« wagon-boîte »).
AustauschbauartThe so-called Austauschbauart wagons were German railway vehicles produced from the late 1920s onwards which had common components built to agreed standards. The German term Austauschbau ('interchangeable component manufacture') is a manufacturing concept. The idea was initially used in the field of mechanical engineering, but is now the basis for industrial mass production techniques. The basis of Austauschbau manufacture is that: Any quantity of part 'A' produced at different times and in different places, must match any quantity of a similarly produced part 'B' without further finishing being required.
KriegsbauartKriegsbauart (German, 'wartime class') refers to railway goods wagon classes that were developed during the Second World War for the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The start of the war was an arbitrary dividing line for the classification of goods wagons, and did not represent any technological change. In the period shortly before the war, goods wagons were already being designed from a military perspective. This was particularly true for the stake wagons of 1938, which are occasionally referred to as a 'pre-war class' (Vorkriegsbauart) of wagons.
VerbandsbauartThe German term Verbandsbauart describes both a type of goods wagon as well as a type of tram. In order to standardise the goods wagons classes of the various German state railways (Länderbahnen), the German State Railway Wagon Association (Deutscher Staatsbahnwagenverband or DWV) issued regulations. The so-called Verbandsbauart (association) or DWV wagons, named after this association, were built from 1910 until the emergence of the Austauschbauart (interchangeable) wagons in 1927.
Wagonvignette|Wagon couvert européen (type Gbs) Un wagon (, ou en Belgique ) est un véhicule destiné au transport par chemin de fer des animaux ou des marchandises et incapable de se mouvoir par lui-même. vignette|Wagon-trémie couvert à deux essieux européen type Tdgs-v de la DB. Dans le jargon ferroviaire, on distingue habituellement deux grands types de véhicules remorqués. On parle de wagons pour les marchandises ou les animaux et de voitures pour les passagers, même si au on parlait de wagons voyageurs et la Compagnie internationale des wagons-lits utilisait les noms de wagon-lits ou de wagon-restaurant.
