Islam and violenceThe use of politically and religiously-motivated violence dates back to the early history of Islam, its origins are found in the behavior, sayings, and rulings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his companions, and the first caliphs in the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries CE. Mainstream Islamic law stipulates detailed regulations for the use of violence, including corporal and capital punishment, as well as how, when, and against whom to wage war.
Gender apartheidGender apartheid (also called sexual apartheid or sex apartheid) is the economic and social sexual discrimination against individuals because of their gender or sex. It is a system enforced by using either physical or legal practices to relegate individuals to subordinate positions. Feminist scholar Phyllis Chesler, professor of psychology and women's studies, defines the phenomenon as "practices which condemn girls and women to a separate and subordinate sub-existence and which turn boys and men into the permanent guardians of their female relatives' chastity".
Éducation des fillesvignette|Écolières à Conakry, en Guinée, 2007. Léducation des filles, reconnu comme un droit humain et facteur d'amélioration du sort des femmes, a connu de fortes améliorations quantitatives au cours du en termes de scolarisation formelle et de parité, bien qu'il reste encore des progrès à faire. Toutefois, en termes qualitatifs, cette amélioration statistique ne permet pas encore de remédier au poids des préjugés, et il a été noté notamment une rupture du lien entre les progrès des femmes en matière d'éducation et leur émancipation économique.
Baad (practice)Baad is a method of settlement and compensation whereby a female from a criminal's family is given to the victim's family as a servant or a bride. It is still practiced in certain areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan, mainly among the Kochis. Although baad is illegal under Afghan law, many of the victims do not know their rights, and still more are prevented from exercising them. After a person commits a serious crime, a council of elders called jirga decides the punishment.
TudongThe tudong (Indonesian: tudung, Jawi: تودوڠ) is a style of headscarf, worn as interpretation of the Islamic hijab, prevalent amongst many Muslim women in the Malay-speaking world; Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore. Today, the tudong forms part of the standard dress code for many offices in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as in school uniforms and formal occasions. Though initially considered a conservative form of dress, it is worn today by most moderate Muslim women in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Islamic ethicsIslamic ethics (أخلاق إسلامية) is the "philosophical reflection upon moral conduct" with a view to defining "good character" and attaining the "pleasure of God" (raza-e Ilahi). It is distinguished from "Islamic morality", which pertains to "specific norms or codes of behavior". It took shape as a field of study or an "Islamic science" (ʿIlm al-Akhlaq), gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th century.
Critique de l'islamLa critique de l'islam est l'approche de l'islam animée par l'esprit critique relevant de la critique de la religion. En effet, l'islam est souvent soumis à la critique de la raison et de la méthode scientifique. Cette approche critique est alors due à différentes disciplines d'ordre scientifique, théologique, historiographique, éthique, politique, qui analysants ses contenus d'un point de vue neutre et objectif. En ce sens, les résultats d'une analyse critique sont en principe exempts de jugements de valeur.
Hijab by countryIn modern usage, ALA-LC (hijab) generally refers to the various headcoverings frequently worn by Muslim women. Wearing hijab is mandatory in some Muslim countries, and optional or restricted in other majority Muslim and majority non-Muslim countries. In the Indonesian Aceh province, Muslim women are required to wear the hijab and all women are required to do so regardless of religion in Iran and Afghanistan. In countries such as Saudi Arabia, the hijab is not required.
Mut'aLe mariage temporaire (en زواج المؤقت, zawādj al-mu’aqat), mariage de plaisir (نكاح المتعة, nik'ah al-mut'a) ou mut'a, est un mariage contracté pour une durée déterminée convenue entre les époux. Ce mariage ne peut se faire que sous certaines conditions. Cette institution préislamique est toujours reconnue par les chiites, sous le nom de sigheh (صیغه), et, bien que le sunnisme le condamne, il est régulièrement pratiqué dans ses aires d'influence.
Voile (vêtement)thumb|160px|Statuette de jeune femme (Tanagra), Grèce (). Le voile (du latin velum, rideau, tenture) est un vêtement traditionnel ou religieux destiné généralement à masquer tout ou partie du corps et parfois du visage d'une femme. Présent notamment dans les traditions chrétiennes et musulmanes et souvent associé aux femmes, il prend de multiples formes et est souvent fabriqué dans un tissu léger d'une certaine transparence, mais peut aussi être opaque.
