Concept
Régression linéaire
Concepts associés (138)
Simple linear regression
In statistics, simple linear regression is a linear regression model with a single explanatory variable. That is, it concerns two-dimensional sample points with one independent variable and one dependent variable (conventionally, the x and y coordinates in a Cartesian coordinate system) and finds a linear function (a non-vertical straight line) that, as accurately as possible, predicts the dependent variable values as a function of the independent variable. The adjective simple refers to the fact that the outcome variable is related to a single predictor.
Régression de Poisson
En statistique, la régression de Poisson est un modèle linéaire généralisé utilisé pour les données de comptage et les tableaux de contingence. Cette régression suppose que la variable réponse Y suit une loi de Poisson et que le logarithme de son espérance peut être modélisé par une combinaison linéaire de paramètre inconnus. Soit un vecteur de variables indépendantes, et la variable que l'on cherche à prédire. Réaliser une régression de Poisson revient à supposer que suit une loi de Poisson de paramètre , avec et les paramètres de la régression à estimer, et le produit scalaire standard de .
Linear least squares
Linear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data. It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression, including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted, and generalized (correlated) residuals. Numerical methods for linear least squares include inverting the matrix of the normal equations and orthogonal decomposition methods. The three main linear least squares formulations are: Ordinary least squares (OLS) is the most common estimator.
Efficacité (statistiques)
En statistique, lefficacité est une mesure de la qualité d'un estimateur, d'une expérimentation ou d'un test statistique. Elle permet d'évaluer le nombre d'observations nécessaires pour atteindre un seuil : plus un estimateur est efficace, plus l'échantillon d'observations nécessaire pour atteindre un objectif de précision sera petit. Lefficacité relative de deux procédures est le rapport de leurs efficacités, bien que le concept soit plus utilisé pour le rapport de l'efficacité d'une procédure donnée et d'une procédure théorique optimale.
Dummy variable (statistics)
In regression analysis, a dummy variable (also known as indicator variable or just dummy) is one that takes the values 0 or 1 to indicate the absence or presence of some categorical effect that may be expected to shift the outcome. For example, if we were studying the relationship between biological sex and income, we could use a dummy variable to represent the sex of each individual in the study. The variable could take on a value of 1 for males and 0 for females (or vice versa).
Test de Chow
Le test de Chow est un test statistique et économétrique afin de déterminer si les coefficients de deux séries linéaires sont égaux. Les coefficients sont établis par régression linéaire. Il est surtout utilisé dans le cadre de séries temporelles pour savoir s'il y a une cassure significative par une certaine date qui séparerait les données en deux blocs ; il permet également d'évaluer l'impact des variables indépendantes sur les deux groupes ainsi construits. Ce test s'appuie sur la loi de Fisher.
Elastic net regularization
In statistics and, in particular, in the fitting of linear or logistic regression models, the elastic net is a regularized regression method that linearly combines the L1 and L2 penalties of the lasso and ridge methods. The elastic net method overcomes the limitations of the LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) method which uses a penalty function based on Use of this penalty function has several limitations. For example, in the "large p, small n" case (high-dimensional data with few examples), the LASSO selects at most n variables before it saturates.
Linear predictor function
In statistics and in machine learning, a linear predictor function is a linear function (linear combination) of a set of coefficients and explanatory variables (independent variables), whose value is used to predict the outcome of a dependent variable. This sort of function usually comes in linear regression, where the coefficients are called regression coefficients. However, they also occur in various types of linear classifiers (e.g.
Ordered logit
In statistics, the ordered logit model (also ordered logistic regression or proportional odds model) is an ordinal regression model—that is, a regression model for ordinal dependent variables—first considered by Peter McCullagh. For example, if one question on a survey is to be answered by a choice among "poor", "fair", "good", "very good" and "excellent", and the purpose of the analysis is to see how well that response can be predicted by the responses to other questions, some of which may be quantitative, then ordered logistic regression may be used.
Ordered probit
In statistics, ordered probit is a generalization of the widely used probit analysis to the case of more than two outcomes of an ordinal dependent variable (a dependent variable for which the potential values have a natural ordering, as in poor, fair, good, excellent). Similarly, the widely used logit method also has a counterpart ordered logit. Ordered probit, like ordered logit, is a particular method of ordinal regression. For example, in clinical research, the effect a drug may have on a patient may be modeled with ordered probit regression.