Concept

X-SAMPA

Résumé
The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at University College London. It is designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the 1993 version of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The result is a SAMPA-inspired remapping of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII. SAMPA was devised as a hack to work around the inability of text encodings to represent IPA symbols. Later, as Unicode support for IPA symbols became more widespread, the necessity for a separate, computer-readable system for representing the IPA in ASCII decreased. However, X-SAMPA is still useful as the basis for an input method for true IPA. The IPA symbols that are ordinary lower case letters have the same value in X-SAMPA as they do in the IPA. X-SAMPA uses backslashes as modifying suffixes to create new symbols. For example, O is a distinct sound from O, to which it bears no relation. Such use of the backslash character can be a problem, since many programs interpret it as an escape character for the character following it. For example, such X-SAMPA symbols do not work in EMU, so backslashes must be replaced with some other symbol (e.g., an asterisk: '') when adding phonemic transcription to an EMU speech database. The backslash has no fixed meaning. X-SAMPA diacritics follow the symbols they modify. Except for ~ for nasalization, = for syllabicity, and ` for retroflexion and rhotacization, diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore character _. The underscore character is also used to encode the IPA tiebar: k_p codes for /k͡p/. The numbers _1 to _6 are reserved diacritics as shorthand for language-specific tone numbers. The IETF language tags registry has assigned as the subtag for text transcribed in X-SAMPA. Asterisks () mark sounds that do not have X-SAMPA symbols. Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to Unicode.
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PAoS Markers: Trajectory Analysis of Selective Phonological Posteriors for Assessment of Progressive Apraxia of Speech

Milos Cernak, Afsaneh Asaei

Progressive apraxia of Speech (PAoS) is a progressive motor speech disorder associated with neurodegenerative disease causing impairment of phonetic encoding and motor speech planning. Clinical observation and acoustic studies show that duration analysis p ...
2016

Enhanced Phone Posteriors for Improving Speech Recognition Systems

Hervé Bourlard, Hamed Ketabdar

Using phone posterior probabilities has been increasingly explored for improving automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In this paper, we propose two approaches for hierarchically enhancing these phone posteriors, by integrating long acoustic context, ...
2010

Enhanced Phone Posteriors for Improving Speech Recognition Systems

Hervé Bourlard, Hamed Ketabdar

Using phone posterior probabilities has been increasingly explored for improving automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In this paper, we propose two approaches for hierarchically enhancing these phone posteriors, by integrating long acoustic context, ...
IDIAP2008
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Personnes associées (1)
Concepts associés (14)
Index of phonetics articles
Acoustic phonetics Active articulator Affricate Airstream mechanism Alexander John Ellis Alexander Melville Bell Alfred C. Gimson Allophone Alveolar approximant (ɹ) Alveolar click (ǃ) Alveolar consonant Alveolar ejective affricate (tsʼ) Alveolar ejective (tʼ) Alveolar ejective fricative (sʼ) Alveolar flap (ɾ) Alveolar lateral approximant (l, l̥) Alveolar lateral ejective affricate (tɬʼ) Alveolar lateral ejective fricative (ɬʼ) Alveolar lateral flap (ɺ) Alveolar nasal (n) Alveolar ridge Alveolar trill (r, r̥) Alveolo-palatal consonant Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative (ɕʼ) Apical consonant Approximant consonant Articulatory phonetics Aspirated consonant (◌h) Auditory phonetics Back vowel Basis of articulation Bernd J.
Consonne fricative post-alvéolo-vélaire sourde
La consonne fricative post-alvéolo-vélaire sourde est un son consonantique relativement rare dans les langues parlées. Le symbole dans l’alphabet phonétique international est . Ce symbole représente la lettre latine H minuscule, avec la hampe terminée en crochet vers la droite et la jambe droite prolongée en crochet palatal (tourné vers la gauche). Le symbole de l’API est décrit comme un et un [x] prononcés simultanément, une assertion contestée parmi les linguistes.
Consonne fricative glottale sourde
La consonne fricative glottale sourde est un son consonantique assez fréquent dans de nombreuses langues parlées. Le symbole dans l'alphabet phonétique international est un h minuscule : . Quoique cette consonne ne soit pas spécifiquement une fricative, puisqu'elle n'est pas produite par le resserrement de la voie de phonation, on la considère généralement comme faisant partie de ce groupe pour des raisons historiques.
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