Interrogation (linguistique) | EPFL Graph Search

En linguistique, l'interrogation est un acte de langage par laquelle l'émetteur d'un énoncé adresse au destinataire (réel ou fictif) de celui-ci une demande d'information portant sur son contenu. Une phrase interrogative est couramment appelée « question ». Types d'interrogation Interrogation totale L'interrogation totale concerne la phrase entière et appelle une réponse totale, comme « oui », « non », « sûrement »… Une telle question totale porte en fait très souvent sur un élément partiel, mis en relief par divers moyens ou non : ex. : Pierre est-il allé à Paris ? Est-ce à Paris qu'il est allé ? - Oui (= à Paris). Les autres informations présentes dans la question sont alors présupposées : dans l'exemple ci-dessus, on présuppose qu'on sait que Pierre est allé quelque part. Interrogations partielles L'interrogation partielle appelle une réponse autre que oui/non, portant sur un seul élément de la phrase. L'interrogation partielle présuppose d

BPMN process generation and optimization for readability in the context of telemedecine

Charline Montial

In business, automated processes can be specified using the BPMN standard, which stands for Business Process Model and Notation. It is presented as flowcharts with standardized graphical elements to show the possible flows and activities of a process. These diagrams can be seen as a graph with logical expressions conditioning their edges. The telemedecine start-up Soignez-moi.ch uses BPMN to describe complex medical forms in a readable way. Soignez-moi.ch offers medical consultations via an online platform. The first step for the patient is to fill a questionnaire about his/her symptoms. In the second step, a doctor accesses to the answers and proceeds to call the patient for the teleconsultation. The complexity of these medical forms comes from the fact that the questions are adapted to the patient answers, which leads to different possible flows. Complex forms from another telemedecine website, Diaana, had to be translated to BPMN to be compatible and used at Soignez-moi.ch. Diaana is a contraction of the words diagnosis and anamnesis. The way these forms are specified is very different from what has been modeled in Soignez-moi.ch: instead of having separated branches, there is a sequential list of questions. In this list, every question is evaluated on its own to see if it is asked or not. The question conditions are Boolean expressions. If a direct translation to BPMN is performed, there is no branching to show the relationships between the questions. The aim of my work is to highlight similarities in the branch conditions to make the diagrams more readable and editable by humans. Doctors and collaborators read the medical BPMN processes and may modify them. It should be a pleasant experience for them to go through the diagrams. They should quickly understand in a visual way if questions are related, and how they are related. The BPMN process readability has been achieved by extracting patterns, showing the implications between the questions to have a readable diagram with meaningful branches. This translation has been applied to 18 questionnaires. Two questionnaires were not improved because they were only composed of one question. One questionnaire was also not improved because all its questions were unconditional, meaning that no relationship between the question conditions could be highlighted. Another questionnaire with conditional questions was not improved because its conditions were unrelated. 14/18 questionnaires have had their readability improved.

2022

Characterizing Swiss Alpine Lakes: from Wikipedia to Citizen Science

Yuanhui Lin

In Switzerland, there are more than 1500 lakes located above 2000 meters of altitude. In order to understand the ecological impacts of climate change on bacteria communities in these high mountain lakes, researchers in project 2000Lakes analyze their chemistry and biology. Within the scope of this citizen science project, an educational platform has been created using the data mainly collected from Wikipedia and from the research results. By presenting Swiss alpine lakes and the 2000Lakes project in an interactive way, the goal of this platform is to raise interest and promote awareness about Swiss alpine lakes to the public, and ultimately, to conserve these ecosystems by joining forces with local citizens. Volunteers are invited to answer a survey that contains a list of questions regarding Swiss alpine lakes, whose answer can be found on the platform, and a list of usability questions, to which volunteers answer based on their own interact experience with the platform. The results of this survey are used to evaluate the effectiveness of this platform. Even though the general feedback is positive, some possible improvements are identified and hoped to be implemented in the future.

2022

Intégration. Réfugiés dans quartier résidentiel

Katerina Skarkova

Affluant en l'Europe, le nombre de réfugiés des pays affectés par des conflits politiques ne cesse d'augmenter. La question de l'intégration de ces migrants est au coeur des discussions politiques, et pourtant les réponses proposées ne sont toujours pas satisfaisantes. En effet, l'hébergement des réfugiés en périphérie, dans des baraques ou des casernes abandonnées – la solution habituellement prisée – n'aide pas à l'intégration et la rend, au contraire, d'autant plus difficile, voire impossible. Quelle serait la situation si les migrants pouvaient partager les quartiers résidentiels des habitants locaux? Cela baisserait-il la vague de mécontentement des locaux envers les nouveaux arrivés? Comment fonctionnerait une telle coexistance dans les quartiers centraux de nos villes? Cette idée est imaginée dans le quartier bernois de la “Lorraine“. Une cour, bordée de fonctions publiques et communautaires pouvant être utilisées par les migrants et les locaux, crée un nouvel espace public dans la zone bâtie existante. La cour permet des échanges tant au niveau matériel que social: un échange de travail, de marchandise, de connaissance et de culture. Aux étages supérieurs, les colocations cohabitées par les migrants et les résidents locaux permettent cette fois un échange dans un environnement plus privatif. Le projet offre aux réfugiés la possibilité de s'intégrer activement et de manière constructive à la vie quotidienne de la nouvelle culture, et permet parallèlement aux habitants du quartier de profiter des savoir-faire des nouveaux venus.

2015

BPMN process generation and optimization for readability in the context of telemedecine

Charline Montial

2022