Neurofeedback

Résumé

Le neurofeedback est un type de biofeedback au cours duquel l'activité neuronale d’un individu est mesurée et lui est présentée en temps réel (sous différentes formes : son, image, etc.). Le but de cette méthode est que l’individu arrive à autoréguler son activité neuronale supposée sous-tendre un comportement ou une pathologie spécifique. De cette manière, avec le temps, le participant pourrait être capable d’apprendre comment contrôler volontairement l’activation de son cortex cérébral afin de réguler sa cognition et ses comportements dans la vie de tous les jours. Cette thérapie est utilisée pour traiter plusieurs troubles psychiatriques comme le TDAH (trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité), la dépression, le TSPT (trouble de stress post-traumatique), l’alcoolisme, les douleurs chroniques, etc. Le neurofeedback peut aussi être utilisé pour améliorer les performances sportives chez les athlètes. Certains changements neuronaux dus au neurofeedback ont montré que l’effet d

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofeedback

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Data-driven tensor independent component analysis for model-based connectivity neurofeedback

Yury Koush, Nemanja Masala, Frank Scharnowski, Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville

Neurofeedback based on real-time functional MRI is an emerging technique to train voluntary control over brain activity in healthy and disease states. Recent developments even allow for training of brain networks using connectivity feedback based on dynamic causal modeling (DCM). DCM is an influential hypothesis-driven approach that requires prior knowledge about the target brain network dynamics and the modulatory influences. Data-driven approaches, such as tensor independent component analysis (ICA), can reveal spatiotemporal patterns of brain activity without prior assumptions. Tensor ICA allows flexible data decomposition and extraction of components consisting of spatial maps, time-series, and session/subject-specific weights, which can be used to characterize individual neurofeedback regulation per regulation trial, run, or session. In this study, we aimed to better understand the spatiotemporal brain patterns involved and affected by model-based feedback regulation using data-driven tensor ICA. We found that task-specific spatiotemporal brain patterns obtained using tensor ICA were highly consistent with model-based feedback estimates. However, we found that the DCM approach captured specific network interdependencies that went beyond what could be detected with either general linear model (GLM) or ICA approaches. We also found that neurofeedback-guided regulation resulted in activity changes that were characteristic of the mental strategies used to control the feedback signal, and that these activity changes were not limited to periods of active self-regulation, but were also evident in distinct gradual recovery processes during subsequent rest periods. Complementary data-driven and model-based approaches could aid in interpretation of the neurofeedback data when applied post-hoc, and in the definition of the target brain area/pattern/network/model prior to the neurofeedback training study when applied to the pilot data. Systematically investigating the triad of mental effort, spatiotemporal brain network changes, and activity and recovery processes might lead to a better understanding of how learning with neurofeedback is accomplished, and how such learning can cause plastic brain changes along with specific behavioral effects.

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE2019

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Gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE EPI) is the most commonly used approach to assess localized blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes in real-time. Alternatively, real-time spin-echo single-voxel spectroscopy (SE SVS) has recently been introduced for spatially specific BOLD neurofeedback at 3 T and at 7 T. However, currently it is not known how neurofeedback based on real-time SE SVS compares to real-time GE EPI-based. We therefore compared both methods at high (3 T) and at ultra-high (7 T) magnetic field strengths. We evaluated standard quality measures of both methods for signals originating from the motor cortex, the visual cortex, and for a neurofeedback condition. At 3 T, the data quality of the real-time SE SVS and GE EPI R2* estimates were comparable. At 7 T, the data quality of the real-time GE EPI acquisitions was superior compared to those of the real-time SE SVS. Despite the somehow lower data quality of real-time SE SVS compared to GE EPI at 7 T, SE SVS acquisitions might still be an interesting alternative. Real-time SE SVS allows for a direct and subject-specific T2* estimation and thus for a physiologically more plausible neurofeedback signal.

Public Library of Science2014

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Real-time automated spectral assessment of the BOLD response for neurofeedback at 3 and 7 T

Yury Koush, Frank Scharnowski

Echo-planar imaging is the dominant functional MRI data acquisition scheme for evaluating the BOLD signal. To date, it remains the only approach providing neurofeedback from spatially localized brain activity. Real-time functional single-voxel proton spectroscopy (fSVPS) may be an alternative for spatially specific BOLD neurofeedback at 7T because it allows for a precise estimation of the local T2* signal, EPI-specific artifacts may be avoided, and the signal contrast may increase. In order to explore and optimize this alternative neurofeedback approach, we tested fully automated real-time fSVPS spectral estimation procedures to approximate T2* BOLD signal changes from the unsuppressed water peak, i.e. lorentzian non-linear complex spectral fit (LNLCSF) in frequency and frequency-time domain. The proposed approaches do not require additional spectroscopic localizers in contrast to conventional T2* approximation based on linear regression of the free induction decay (FID). For methods comparison, we evaluated quality measures for signals from the motor and the visual cortex as well as a real-time feedback condition at high (3 T) and at ultra-high (7T) magnetic field strengths. Using these methods, we achieved reliable and fast water peak spectral parameter estimations. At 7T, we observed an absolute increase of spectra line narrowing due to the-BOLD effect, but quality measures did not improve due to artifactual line broadening. Overall, the automated fSVPS approach can be used to assess dynamic spectral changes in real-time, and to provide localized T2* neurofeedback at 3 and 7T. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2013

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Data-driven tensor independent component analysis for model-based connectivity neurofeedback

Yury Koush, Nemanja Masala, Frank Scharnowski, Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE2019