Hereditary ring

In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, a ring R is called hereditary if all submodules of projective modules over R are again projective. If this is required only for finitely generated submodules, it is called semihereditary. For a noncommutative ring R, the terms left hereditary and left semihereditary and their right hand versions are used to distinguish the property on a single side of the ring. To be left (semi-)hereditary, all (finitely generated) submodules of projective left R-modules must be projective, and similarly to be right (semi-)hereditary all (finitely generated) submodules of projective right R-modules must be projective. It is possible for a ring to be left (semi-)hereditary but not right (semi-)hereditary and vice versa. The ring R is left (semi-)hereditary if and only if all (finitely generated) left ideals of R are projective modules. The ring R is left hereditary if and only if all left modules have projective resolutions of length at most 1. This is equivalent to saying that the left global dimension is at most 1. Hence the usual derived functors such as and are trivial for . Semisimple rings are left and right hereditary via the equivalent definitions: all left and right ideals are summands of R, and hence are projective. By a similar token, in a von Neumann regular ring every finitely generated left and right ideal is a direct summand of R, and so von Neumann regular rings are left and right semihereditary. For any nonzero element x in a domain R, via the map . Hence in any domain, a principal right ideal is free, hence projective. This reflects the fact that domains are right Rickart rings. It follows that if R is a right Bézout domain, so that finitely generated right ideals are principal, then R has all finitely generated right ideals projective, and hence R is right semihereditary. Finally if R is assumed to be a principal right ideal domain, then all right ideals are projective, and R is right hereditary. A commutative hereditary integral domain is called a Dedekind domain.

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Principal ideal ring

In mathematics, a principal right (left) ideal ring is a ring R in which every right (left) ideal is of the form xR (Rx) for some element x of R. (The right and left ideals of this form, generated by one element, are called principal ideals.) When this is satisfied for both left and right ideals, such as the case when R is a commutative ring, R can be called a principal ideal ring, or simply principal ring. If only the finitely generated right ideals of R are principal, then R is called a right Bézout ring.

Anneau de Bézout

En algèbre commutative, un anneau quasi-bézoutien est un anneau où la propriété de Bézout est vérifiée ; plus formellement, c'est un anneau dans lequel tout idéal de type fini est principal. Un anneau de Bézout, ou anneau bézoutien, est un anneau quasi-bézoutien intègre. Un idéal de type fini est un idéal engendré par un nombre fini d'éléments. Un idéal engendré par un élément a est dit idéal principal et se note aA. Un idéal engendré par deux éléments a et b se note aA + bA, il est constitué des éléments de A pouvant s'écrire sous la forme au + bv avec u et v éléments de A.

Module injectif

En mathématiques, et plus spécifiquement en algèbre homologique, un module injectif est un module Q (à gauche par exemple) sur un anneau A tel que pour tout morphisme injectif f : X → Y entre deux A-modules (à gauche) et pour tout morphisme g : X → Q, il existe un morphisme h : Y → Q tel que hf = g, c'est-à-dire tel que le diagramme suivant commute : center Autrement dit : Q est injectif si pour tout module Y, tout morphisme d'un sous-module de Y vers Q s'étend à Y.

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Couvre l'homologie de l'espace projectif, en se concentrant sur la cohomologie et les séquences exactes.