Digital Light Processing

Résumé

vignette|Puce DLP. Le Digital Light Processing (DLP, qu'on pourrait traduire par « traitement numérique de la lumière ») est une technologie de projection d'images reposant sur l'utilisation d'une puce contenant des miroirs orientables. À l'origine, cette technologie a été mise au point par l'entreprise américaine Texas Instruments (TI) en 1987 et plus particulièrement par le Larry Hornbeck. Texas Instruments est le principal fabricant de cette technologie. Fonctionnement vignette|Fonctionnement d'une puce DLP à quatre miroirs. Puce DLP La puce DLP est constituée d'un quadrillage de miroirs mobiles (Matrice de micro-miroirs) montés sur charnière. Il est possible de mettre jusqu'à huit millions de miroirs sur une puce. Chaque miroir représente un pixel de l'image, et peut prendre deux orientations différentes : soit il réfléchit la lumière d'une source brute (lampe) vers l'objectif de projection, soit il réfléchit cette lumière vers une surface qui absorbe les

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Light_Processing

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Séances de cours associées (17)

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Microscopy and digital light shaping through optical fibers

Damien Claude-Marie Loterie

Microscopy is an essential tool in medicine and biomedical research. Traditional microscopes rely on bulky optics, complicating their usage when studying live animal tissues. In addition, light cannot penetrate very far in most biological tissues due to scattering, so typically only superficial tissues can be accessed non-invasively. In this thesis, microscopic imaging was achieved through a single multimode optical fiber. Fibers are extremely thin (less than 300 µm) and guide light efficiently, so they provide a minimally invasive solution for microscopic imaging at any depth inside tissues. Imaging via single fibers requires compensation of modal scrambling, an effect that distorts images in multimode fibers. The tool used in this thesis to control light and undo modal scrambling is the transmission matrix, a general framework that can describe the input-output relationship of any optical system very precisely. A procedure was developed to measure large transmission matrices accurately, based on digital holography and wavefront shaping with spatial light modulators. High-resolution image transmission through single fibers was subsequently demonstrated in a variety of configurations. Building on these results, confocal imaging was implemented in order to increase image contrast. Finally, the bending tolerance was investigated, and a set of conditions was identified under which fibers can be deformed without losing significant imaging performance. Multimode fiber imaging is a promising solution for endoscopic microscopy. By compensating modal scrambling, it is possible to turn fibers into extremely thin microscopes with diffraction-limited resolution. This could be applied for example to assist in biopsies or for other minimally invasive imaging applications.

EPFL2017

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Volumetric Bioprinting of Complex Living-Tissue Constructs within Seconds

Paul Delrot, Yang Li, Damien Claude-Marie Loterie, Christophe Moser

Biofabrication technologies, including stereolithography and extrusion-based printing, are revolutionizing the creation of complex engineered tissues. The current paradigm in bioprinting relies on the additive layer-by-layer deposition and assembly of repetitive building blocks, typically cell-laden hydrogel fibers or voxels, single cells, or cellular aggregates. The scalability of these additive manufacturing technologies is limited by their printing velocity, as lengthy biofabrication processes impair cell functionality. Overcoming such limitations, the volumetric bioprinting of clinically relevant sized, anatomically shaped constructs, in a time frame ranging from seconds to tens of seconds is described. An optical-tomography-inspired printing approach, based on visible light projection, is developed to generate cell-laden tissue constructs with high viability (>85%) from gelatin-based photoresponsive hydrogels. Free-form architectures, difficult to reproduce with conventional printing, are obtained, including anatomically correct trabecular bone models with embedded angiogenic sprouts and meniscal grafts. The latter undergoes maturation in vitro as the bioprinted chondroprogenitor cells synthesize neo-fibrocartilage matrix. Moreover, free-floating structures are generated, as demonstrated by printing functional hydrogel-based ball-and-cage fluidic valves. Volumetric bioprinting permits the creation of geometrically complex, centimeter-scale constructs at an unprecedented printing velocity, opening new avenues for upscaling the production of hydrogel-based constructs and for their application in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft robotics.

2019

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Reliability characteristics of microfabricated Rb mini-lamps for optical pumping in miniature atomic clocks and magnetometers

Nico de Rooij, Vinu Lalgudi Venkatraman, Yves Pétremand, Herbert Shea

With the rising need for microfabricated chip-scale atomic clocks to enable high precision timekeeping in portable applications, there has been active interest in developing miniature (

Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering2013

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