Concept
Glossaire de l'archéologie
Concepts associés (37)
Géoarchéologie
vignette|upright|alt=Un géoarchéologue au travail, sur le tracé de la LGV Est, devant une stratigraphie montrant des tourbes et des dépôts lacustres.|Un géoarchéologue au travail, sur le tracé de la LGV Est, devant une stratigraphie montrant des tourbes et des dépôts lacustres. La géoarchéologie ou géologie du Quaternaire est une approche multidisciplinaire qui est apparue dans les années 1960 à l'initiative de préhistoriens et de géologues quaternaristes qui s'inscrivent dans le cadre anglo-saxon de la New Archaeology, et qui s'est développée dans les années 1990.
Horizon (archaeology)
In archaeology, the general meaning of horizon is a distinctive type of sediment, artefact, style, or other cultural trait that is found across a large geographical area from a limited time period. The term derives from similar ones in geology, horizon or marker horizon, but where these have natural causes, archaeological horizons are caused by humans. Most typically, there is a change in the type of pottery found and in the style of less frequent major artefacts.
Datation
La datation est l'attribution d'une date. Ce terme peut donc s’appliquer à un événement ou à un objet : document, fossile, couche géologique ou encore niveau archéologique. Il désigne globalement la démarche, scientifique ou non, qui consiste à déterminer le temps absolu de cet événement ou de cet objet, et par voie de conséquence l’intervalle de temps relatif séparant l’élément daté du temps du chercheur ou plus généralement du locuteur.
Hoard
A hoard or "wealth deposit" is an archaeological term for a collection of valuable objects or artifacts, sometimes purposely buried in the ground, in which case it is sometimes also known as a cache. This would usually be with the intention of later recovery by the hoarder; hoarders sometimes died or were unable to return for other reasons (forgetfulness or physical displacement from its location) before retrieving the hoard, and these surviving hoards might then be uncovered much later by metal detector hobbyists, members of the public, and archaeologists.
Archéologie environnementale
L’archéologie environnementale est la partie de l'archéologie qui a pour objet d'étude l'environnement passé (faune, flore, fonge, microbes, écosystèmes, paysages, climat, etc.) et de ses interactions avec l'Homme (relations prédateurs-proie, exploitation des milieux et ressources naturelles, agriculture, chasse, pêche, nécrophagie, élevage, sédentarisation ou nomadisme, etc.) au cours des âges.
Antiquities
Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Persia (Iran), Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Artifacts from earlier periods such as the Mesolithic, and other civilizations from Asia and elsewhere may also be covered by the term.
Spit (archaeology)
In the field of archaeology, a spit is a unit of archaeological excavation with an arbitrarily assigned measurement of depth and extent. It is a method of excavation employed without regard to the archaeological stratigraphy that may (or may not) be identifiable at the archaeological site under investigation. The method of excavating in arbitrary spits is most frequently encountered at site excavations which lack any visible or reconstructable stratigraphy in the archaeological context, or when excavating through intrusive or fill deposits.
Shovel test pit
A shovel test pit (STP) is a standard method for Phase I of an archaeological survey. It is usually a part of the Cultural Resources Management (CRM) methodology and a popular form of rapid archaeological survey in the United States of America and Canada. It designates a series of (c. 0.50 m or less) test holes, usually dug out by a shovel (hence the name) in order to determine whether the soil contains any cultural remains that are not visible on the surface. The soil is sifted or screened through 1/4" or 6 mm wire mesh to recover the artifacts.
Natural (archaeology)
In archaeology, natural is a term to denote a layer (stratum) in the stratigraphic record where there is no evidence of human impact on the environment. While there may be "natural" layers interbedded with archaeologically interesting layers, such as when a site was abandoned for long periods between occupations, the top (or horizon) of the natural layer below which there is no anthropogenic activity on site, and thus where the archaeological record begins, is the point to terminate digging.
Archéologie
vignette|350px|Fouilles archéologiques. vignette|350px|Théâtre romain, Alexandrie, Égypte, découvert par accident en 1960 par l'expédition polonaise égyptienne à Kom el-Dekka. L' est une discipline scientifique dont l'objectif est d'étudier l'être humain à travers l'ensemble des vestiges matériels (artéfacts et ) ayant subsisté au cours des siècles. Provenant de fouilles ou non, ces vestiges sont de nature variée : outils, ossements, poteries, armes, pièces de monnaie, bijoux, vêtements, empreintes, traces, peintures, bâtiments, infrastructures, etc.