RatnākaraśāntiRatnākaraśānti (also known as Ratnākara, Śāntipa, and Śānti) (late-10th century to mid-11th century) was an influential Buddhist philosopher and vajrayana tantric adept and scholar. He was the "gate scholar" of Vikramaśilā university's eastern gate (modern-day Bihar in India), a key post in the university's leadership. Ratnākara was known by the title kalikālasarvajña ("the Omniscient One of the Degenerate Age") and is depicted as one of the eighty-four mahāsiddhas (great yogic masters).
ShentongLe shentong ou zhentong (gzhan stong) « vide d’autre » est dans le bouddhisme tibétain une branche (interprétation) de la philosophie madhyamaka selon laquelle le « vide » de la nature ultime ou tathagatagarbha se comprend comme « vide de ce qui n’est pas elle », et non comme vide de nature propre. La réalité ultime est identique au buddhajnana, nature claire et lumineuse non duelle de l’esprit possédant les qualités de bouddha (buddhaguna), révélée par la méditation après dissipation des réalités contingentes et relatives.
RatnakīrtiRatnakīrti (11th century CE) was an Indian Buddhist philosopher of the Yogācāra and epistemological (pramāṇavāda) schools who wrote on logic, philosophy of mind and epistemology. Ratnakīrti studied at the Vikramaśīla monastery in modern-day Bihar. He was a pupil of Jñānaśrīmitra, and Ratnakīrti refers to Jñānaśrīmitra in his work as his guru with phrases such as yad āhur guravaḥ. Ratnakīrti's work has been termed as "more concise and logical though not so poetical" compared to that of his teacher, although he does build on much of Jñānaśrīmitra's work.
RatnagotravibhāgaThe Ratnagotravibhāga (Sanskrit, abbreviated as RGV, meaning: Analysis of the Jeweled Lineage, Investigating the Jewel Disposition) and its vyākhyā commentary (abbreviated RGVV to refer to the RGV verses along with the embedded commentary), is an influential Mahāyāna Buddhist treatise on buddha-nature (a.k.a. tathāgatagarbha). The text is also known as the Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra (The Ultimate Teaching of the Mahāyāna). The RGVV was originally composed in Sanskrit, likely between the middle of the third century and no later than 433 CE.
Buddhist logico-epistemologyBuddhist logico-epistemology is a term used in Western scholarship to describe Buddhist systems of (doctrine of proof) and hetu-vidya (science of causes). is an epistemological study of the nature of knowledge; Hetu-vidya is a system of logic. These models developed in India during the 5th through 7th centuries. The early Buddhist texts show that the historical Buddha was familiar with certain rules of reasoning used for debating purposes and made use of these against his opponents.
Philosophie bouddhisteCet article traite du bouddhisme comme philosophie. En effet, le bouddhisme comporte une telle dimension philosophique qu'il est perçu par un certain nombre de ses pratiquants et observateurs comme philosophie plutôt que religion, bien que cette qualification soit parfois préférée. L'approche philosophique du bouddhisme est notamment menée par des auteurs ou intellectuels occidentaux, qui cherchent à le replacer dans une grille conceptuelle d'héritage européen.
ChittamatraChittamatra (IAST : Cittamātra, « rien qu'esprit ») est l'une des écoles du bouddhisme Mahāyāna. Elle est parfois nommée Vijñānavāda (, Vijñāptimātra (), la conscience seule, ou encore Yogācāra (), pratiquants du yoga. Le Cittamātra constitue avec le Madhyamaka l'une des deux principales écoles spécifiques du bouddhisme mahāyāna. vignette|300px|Bouddha. Sarnath, époque Gupta vers 475. L'école Cittamātra apparaît au ; ses fondateurs seraient Maitreyanātha, Asanga et Vasubandhu.
Buddha-natureIn Buddhist philosophy, Buddha-nature is the potential for any sentient beings to become a Buddha. It is a common English translation for several related Mahayana Buddhist terms, including tathata ("suchness") but most notably tathāgatagarbha and buddhadhātu. Tathāgatagarbha means "the womb" or "embryo" (garbha) of the "thus-gone" (tathāgata), or "containing a tathāgata", while buddhadhātu literally means "Buddha-realm" or "Buddha-substrate". Buddha-nature has a wide range of (sometimes conflicting) meanings in Indian and later East Asian and Tibetan Buddhist literature.
