Eco-citiesAn eco-city or ecocity is "a human settlement modeled on the self-sustaining resilient structure and function of natural ecosystems", as defined by Ecocity Builders (a non-profit organization started by Richard Register, who first coined the term). Simply put, an eco-city is an ecologically healthy city. The World Bank defines eco-cities as "cities that enhance the well-being of citizens and society through integrated urban planning and management that harness the benefits of ecological systems and protect and nurture these assets for future generations".
Sustainable urbanismSustainable urbanism is both the study of cities and the practices to build them (urbanism), that focuses on promoting their long term viability by reducing consumption, waste and harmful impacts on people and place while enhancing the overall well-being of both people and place. Well-being includes the physical, ecological, economic, social, health and equity factors, among others, that comprise cities and their populations.
Ville intelligentevignette|Représentation d'une ville intelligente. thumb|Scénario possible de mobilité intelligente et durable Une ville intelligente (en anglais smart city, au pluriel smart cities) est un syntagme désignant la capacité d'une ville à utiliser les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) pour améliorer la qualité des services urbains ou réduire leurs coûts. D'autres termes ont été utilisés pour des concepts similaires : ville connectée, cyber ville, ville numérique, communautés électroniques.
Zero-carbon cityA zero-carbon city is a goal of city planners that can be variously defined. In a narrower sense of energy production and use, a zero-carbon city is one that generates as much or more carbon-free sustainable energy as it uses. In a broader sense of managing greenhouse gas emissions, a zero-carbon city is one that reduces its carbon footprint to a minimum (ideally 0 or negative) by using renewable energy sources; reducing all types of carbon emissions through efficient urban design, technology use and lifestyle changes; and balancing any remaining emissions through carbon sequestration.
Sustainable designEnvironmentally sustainable design (also called environmentally conscious design, eco-design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability and also aimed at improving the health and comfort of occupants in a building. Sustainable design seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, the health and well-being of building occupants, thereby improving building performance.
Ville compacteLa ville compacte ou ville à courtes distances est un concept d'urbanisme qui favorise une densité résidentielle relativement élevée dans des quartiers multifonctionnels. Il repose sur un système de transport en commun efficace et présente un aménagement urbain qui, selon ses défenseurs, encourage la marche et le cyclisme, une faible consommation d’énergie et une réduction de la pollution. L'étalement urbain est limité par une trame verte non constructible, limitant ainsi l'urbanisation massive d'espaces naturels.
Green urbanismGreen urbanism has been defined as the practice of creating communities beneficial to humans and the environment. According to Timothy Beatley, it is an attempt to shape more sustainable places, communities and lifestyles, and consume less of the world's resources. Urban areas are able to lay the groundwork of how environmentally integrated and sustainable city planning can both provide and improve environmental benefits on the local, national, and international levels.
Principles of intelligent urbanismPrinciples of intelligent urbanism (PIU) is a theory of urban planning composed of a set of ten axioms intended to guide the formulation of city plans and urban designs. They are intended to reconcile and integrate diverse urban planning and management concerns. These axioms include environmental sustainability, heritage conservation, appropriate technology, infrastructure-efficiency, placemaking, social access, transit-oriented development, regional integration, human scale, and institutional integrity.
Architecture écologiqueL'architecture écologique (ou architecture durable) est un système de conception et de réalisation ayant pour préoccupation de concevoir une architecture respectueuse de l'environnement et de l'écologie. Il existe de multiples facettes de l'architecture écologique, certaines s'intéressant surtout à la technologie, la gestion, ou d'autres privilégient la santé de l'homme, ou encore d'autres, plaçant le respect de la nature au centre de leurs préoccupations.
Construction durableLécoconstruction ou construction durable est la création, la restauration, la rénovation ou la réhabilitation d'un bâtiment en lui permettant de respecter au mieux l'écologie à chaque étape de la construction, et plus tard, de son utilisation (chauffage, consommation d'énergie, rejet des divers flux : eau, déchets). Cette notion, apparue à la fin des années 1940 cherche aussi à intégrer le plus respectueusement possible le bâti dans le milieu naturel en utilisant au mieux des ressources peu transformées, locales, saines, et dans le milieu urbain, de travail ou rural en favorisant les liens sociaux.
