Concept
Acceleration (special relativity)
Concepts associés (9)
Rindler coordinates
Rindler coordinates are a coordinate system used in the context of special relativity to describe the hyperbolic acceleration of a uniformly accelerating reference frame in flat spacetime. In relativistic physics the coordinates of a hyperbolically accelerated reference frame constitute an important and useful coordinate chart representing part of flat Minkowski spacetime. In special relativity, a uniformly accelerating particle undergoes hyperbolic motion, for which a uniformly accelerating frame of reference in which it is at rest can be chosen as its proper reference frame.
Hyperbolic motion (relativity)
Hyperbolic motion is the motion of an object with constant proper acceleration in special relativity. It is called hyperbolic motion because the equation describing the path of the object through spacetime is a hyperbola, as can be seen when graphed on a Minkowski diagram whose coordinates represent a suitable inertial (non-accelerated) frame. This motion has several interesting features, among them that it is possible to outrun a photon if given a sufficient head start, as may be concluded from the diagram.
Bell's spaceship paradox
Bell's spaceship paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity. It was first described by E. Dewan and M. Beran in 1959 but became more widely known after John Stewart Bell elaborated the idea further in 1976. A delicate thread hangs between two spaceships headed in the same direction. They start accelerating simultaneously and equally as measured in the inertial frame S, thus having the same velocity at all times as viewed from S.
Born coordinates
In relativistic physics, the Born coordinate chart is a coordinate chart for (part of) Minkowski spacetime, the flat spacetime of special relativity. It is often used to analyze the physical experience of observers who ride on a ring or disk rigidly rotating at relativistic speeds, so called Langevin observers. This chart is often attributed to Max Born, due to his 1909 work on the relativistic physics of a rotating body. For overview of the application of accelerations in flat spacetime, see Acceleration (special relativity) and proper reference frame (flat spacetime).
Proper reference frame (flat spacetime)
A proper reference frame in the theory of relativity is a particular form of accelerated reference frame, that is, a reference frame in which an accelerated observer can be considered as being at rest. It can describe phenomena in curved spacetime, as well as in "flat" Minkowski spacetime in which the spacetime curvature caused by the energy–momentum tensor can be disregarded.
Histoire de la relativité restreinte
L’histoire de la relativité restreinte décrit le développement de propositions et constatations empiriques et conceptuelles, au sein de la physique théorique, qui ont permis d’aboutir à une nouvelle compréhension de l’espace et du temps. Cette théorie, nommée « relativité restreinte », se distingue des travaux ultérieurs d'Albert Einstein, appelés « relativité générale ». Dans ses Principia mathematica, publiés pour la première fois en 1687 et qui influencent la physique pendant 200 ans, Isaac Newton postule les notions d'espace et de temps absolus et pose la théorie corpusculaire de la lumière.
Rigidité de Born
Le critère de rigidité de Born désigne un concept de relativité restreinte introduit par le physicien allemand Max Born. Ce critère permet de définir un équivalent relativiste du concept de corps rigide utilisé en mécanique classique. Classiquement, un corps est considéré comme rigide si la distance entre deux points donnés ne varie pas au cours du temps. Du fait de la contraction des longueurs, cette notion de distance constante n'est plus utilisable en relativité.
Four-acceleration
In the theory of relativity, four-acceleration is a four-vector (vector in four-dimensional spacetime) that is analogous to classical acceleration (a three-dimensional vector, see three-acceleration in special relativity). Four-acceleration has applications in areas such as the annihilation of antiprotons, resonance of strange particles and radiation of an accelerated charge. In inertial coordinates in special relativity, four-acceleration is defined as the rate of change in four-velocity with respect to the particle's proper time along its worldline.
Quadrivitesse
En physique, en particulier en relativité restreinte et en relativité générale, la quadrivitesse d'un objet est un quadrivecteur généralisant le vecteur vitesse en mécanique classique. La quadrivitesse est une des notions que le mathématicien et physicien allemand Hermann Minkowski (-) a introduites dans le cadre de sa reformulation géométrique de la relativité restreinte d'Albert Einstein (-). La quadrivitesse est ainsi désignée car elle est le quadrivecteur qui généralise la notion de vitesse de la mécanique newtonienne.