Règne (biologie) | EPFL Graph Search

vignette|Principaux rangs taxinomiques. Le règne (du latin « regnum », au pluriel « regna ») est, dans la taxonomie de Carl von Linné (qui classe la biodiversité en fonction des caractères communs partagés), le plus haut niveau de classification des êtres vivants. Dans les classifications les plus récentes, le règne n'est plus que le deuxième niveau de classification, après le domaine ou l'empire. Chaque règne est divisé en embranchements (ou parfois divisions, en botanique), que l'on nomme également phylum en latin comme en anglais. Les principaux niveaux de la classification taxonomique sont le monde vivant, l'empire ou le domaine, le règne, l'embranchement ou la division, la classe, l'ordre, la famille, le genre et l'espèce. Une révision, controversée, de la classification a été proposée par Carl Woese en 1990, après avoir observé ce qui semblait être de grandes différences au niveau moléculaire chez les bactéries et

Modeling knee osteoarthritis pathophysiology using an integrated joint system (IJS): a systematic review of relationships among cartilage thickness, gait mechanics, and subchondral bone mineral density

Julien Favre

Objective: To introduce an integrated joint system (IJS) model of joint health and osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology through a systematic review of the cross-sectional relationships among three knee properties (cartilage thickness, gait mechanics, and subchondral bone mineral density). Methods: Searches using keywords associated with the three knee properties of interest were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid databases. English-language articles reporting cross-sectional correlations between at least two knee properties in healthy or tibiofemoral OA human knees were included. A narrative synthesis of the data was conducted. Results: Of the 5600 retrieved articles, 13 were included, eight of which reported relationships between cartilage thickness and gait mechanics. The 744 tested knees were separated into three categories based on knee health: 199 healthy, 340 at-risk/early OA, and 205 late OA knees. Correlations between knee adduction moment and medial-to-lateral cartilage thickness ratios were generally positive in healthy, inconclusive in at-risk/early OA, and negative in late OA knees. Knee adduction moment was positively correlated with medial-to-lateral tibial subchondral bone mineral density ratios in knees of all health categories. One study reported a positive correlation between lateral tibial subchondral bone mineral density and femoral cartilage thickness in at-risk/early OA knees. Conclusions: The correlations identified between knee properties in this review agreed with the proposed relationship-based IJS model of OA pathophysiology. Accordingly, the IJS model could provide insights into overcoming current barriers to developing disease-modifying treatments by considering multiple aspects of OA disease, aspects that could be assessed simultaneously at an in vivo system level. (c) 2018 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2018

Julien Favre

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2018