Symétrie | EPFL Graph Search

La symétrie est une propriété d'un système : c'est lorsque deux parties sont semblables. L'exemple le plus connu est la symétrie en géométrie. De manière générale, un système est symétrique quand on peut permuter ses éléments en laissant sa forme inchangée. Le concept d'automorphisme permet de préciser cette définition. Un papillon, par exemple, est symétrique parce qu'on peut permuter tous les points de la moitié gauche de son corps avec tous les points de la moitié droite sans que son apparence soit modifiée. On peut échanger les deux moitiés sans changer la forme de l'ensemble. Les figures symétriques rendent visible l'égalité des formes parce que les parties permutables ont toujours la même forme. On pourrait en faire une définition du concept : une figure est symétrique lorsqu'elle répète une même forme de façon régulière. Qu'est-ce qu'une forme ? Le concept de forme est défini en mathématiques à partir de celui d'isomorphisme. Deux systèmes isomorphes ont la m

Numerical investigations of 3D CFTs using conformal bootstrap methods

Marten Jan Reehorst

Conformal field theories (CFTs) play a very significant role in modern physics, appearing in such diverse fields as particle physics, condensed matter and statistical physics and in quantum gravity both as the string worldsheet theory and through the AdS/CFT correspondence. In recent years major breakthroughs have been made in solving these CFTs through a method called numerical conformal bootstrap. This method uses consistency conditions on the CFT data in order to find and constrain conformal field theories and obtain precise measurements of physical observables. In this thesis we apply the conformal bootstrap to study among others the O(2)- and the ARP^3- models in 3D. In the first chapter we extend the conventional scalar numerical conformal bootstrap to a mixed system of correlators involving a scalar field charged under a global U(1) symmetry and the associated conserved spin-1 current J. The inclusion of a conserved spinning operator is an important advance in the numerical bootstrap program. Using numerical bootstrap techniques we obtain bounds on new observables not accessible in the usual scalar bootstrap. Concentrating on the O(2) model we extract rigorous bounds on the three-point function coefficient of two currents and the unique relevant scalar singlet, as well as those of two currents and the stress tensor. Using these results, and comparing with a quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the O(2) model conductivity, we give estimates of the thermal one-point function of the relevant singlet and the stress tensor. We also obtain new bounds on operators in various sectors. In the second chapter we investigate the existence of a second-order phase transition in the ARP^3 model. This model has a global O(4) symmetry and a discrete Z_2 gauge symmetry. It was shown by a perturbative renormalization group analysis that its Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson effective description does not have any stable fixed point, thus disallowing a second-order phase transition. However, it was also shown that lattice simulations contradict this, finding strong evidence for the existence of a second-order phase transition. In this chapter we apply conformal bootstrap methods to the correlator of four scalars t transforming in the traceless symmetric representation of O(4) in order to investigate the existence of this second order phase transition. We find various features that stand out in the region predicted by the lattice data. Moreover, under reasonable assumptions a candidate island can be isolated. We also apply a mixed t-s bootstrap setup in which this island persists. In addition we study the kink-landscape for all representations appearing in the t times t OPE for general N. Among others, we find a new family of kinks in the upper-bound on the dimension of the first scalar operator in the "Box" and "Hook" representations.

EPFL2020

The S-matrix bootstrap IV: multiple amplitudes

Jonathan Campbell Toledo

We explore the space of consistent three-particle couplings in Z(2)-symmetric two-dimensional QFTs using two first-principles approaches. Our first approach relies solely on unitarity, analyticity and crossing symmetry of the two-to-two scattering amplitudes and extends the techniques of [2] to a multi-amplitude setup. Our second approach is based on placing QFTs in AdS to get upper bounds on couplings with the numerical conformal bootstrap, and is a multi-correlator version of [1]. The space of allowed couplings that we carve out is rich in features, some of which we can link to amplitudes in integrable theories with a Z(2) symmetry, e.g., the three-state Potts and tricritical Ising field theories. Along a specific line our maximal coupling agrees with that of a new exact S-matrix that corresponds to an elliptic deformation of the supersymmetric Sine-Gordon model which preserves unitarity and solves the Yang-Baxter equation.

Springer2019

Generalized Virasoro algebra: left-symmetry and related algebraic and hydrodynamic properties

Tudor Ratiu

Motivated by the work of Kupershmidt (J. Nonlin. Math. Phys. 6 (1998), 222 -245) we discuss the occurrence of left symmetry in a generalized Virasoro algebra. The multiplication rule is defined, which is necessary and sufficient for this algebra to be quasi-associative. Its link to geometry and nonlinear systems of hydrodynamic type is also recalled. Further, the criteria of skew-symmetry, derivation and Jacobi identity making this algebra into a Lie algebra are derived. The coboundary operators are defined and discussed. We deduce the hereditary operator and its generalization to the corresponding 3 ary bracket. Further, we derive the so-called rho compatibility equation and perform a phase-space extension. Finally, concrete relevant particular cases are investigated.

Taylor & Francis Ltd2016

Numerical investigations of 3D CFTs using conformal bootstrap methods

Marten Jan Reehorst

EPFL2020