Point de rosée

Résumé

vignette|Diagramme binaire liquide-vapeur : courbe de bulle et courbe de rosée. Le point de rosée ou température de rosée est la température sous laquelle de la rosée se dépose naturellement. Plus techniquement, en dessous de cette température qui dépend de la pression et de l'humidité ambiantes, la vapeur d'eau contenue dans l'air se condense sur les surfaces, par effet de saturation. En technologie, le point de rosée est une notion de base importante pour le fonctionnement des sécheurs frigorifiques d'air comprimé et de la condensation atmosphérique créant les hydrométéores. C'est une donnée déterminante dans l'isolation thermique du bâtiment qui permettra de savoir s'il y a un risque que l'humidité ambiante d'une pièce se condense en traversant les couches successives d'un mur extérieur, dans lequel chaque couche affiche un gradient de température particulier, dégressif vers l'extérieur. Le cas échéant, l'humidité qui se condense peut provoquer la détérioration de la couche dans la

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_de_ros%C3%A9e

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Water adsorption on etched hydrophobic surfaces of L-, D- and DL-valine crystals

Juan José Segura Sugranes

The adsorption of water on etched (001) surfaces of L-, D- and DL-valine crystals has been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) using different operational modes (contact, non-contact and electrostatic) above and below the dew point, the temperature at which water vapor from humid air condenses into liquid water at constant atmospheric pressure. The analysis of the images suggests the formation of aggregates of solvated valine molecules that easily diffuse on the hydrophobic terraces only constrained by step barriers of the well-defined chiral parallelepipedic patterns induced by the etching process. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2014

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Transport time scales in soil erosion modelling

David Andrew Barry, Mohsen Cheraghi, Seifeddine Jomaa

Unlike sediment transport in rivers, erosion of agricultural soil must overcome its cohesive strength to move soil particles into suspension. Soil particle size variability also leads to fall velocities covering many orders of magnitude, and hence to different suspended travel distances in overland flow. Consequently, there is a large range of inherent time scales involved in transport of eroded soil. For conditions where there is a constant rainfall rate and detachment is the dominant erosion mechanism, we use the Hairsine-Rose (HR) model to analyze these timescales, to determine their magnitude (bounds) and to provide simple approximations for them. We show that each particle size produces both fast and slow timescales. The fast timescale controls the rapid adjustment away from experimental initial conditions – this happens so quickly that it cannot be measured in practice. The slow time scales control the subsequent transition to steady state and are so large that true steady state is rarely achieved in laboratory experiments. Both the fastest and slowest time scales are governed by the largest particle size class. Physically, these correspond to the rate of vertical movement between suspension and the soil bed, and the time to achieve steady state, respectively. For typical distributions of size classes, we also find that there is often a single dominant time scale that governs the growth in the total mass of sediment in the non-cohesive deposited layer. This finding allows a considerable simplification of the HR model leading to analytical expressions for the evolution of suspended and deposited layer concentrations.

Soil Sci Soc Amer2017

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Calculation of kinetic rate constants from steady-state soil profile concentration measurements

David Andrew Barry

We derive a simple approximation for the steady-state distribution of solute subject to an arbitrary, irreversible transformation in a soil profile under the condition of steady fluid flow. The approximation accounts for the effect of dispersion in both the surface boundary condition and the transport equation. The accuracy of the approximation is determined explicitly for the cases of zero- and first-order kinetics, where exact solutions are available. Data from a numerical scheme are used to check the approximation's accuracy for the widely used Michaelis Menten kinetic rate. It is shown that existing approximations in which the effect of dispersion in the transport equation is ignored can affect significantly the value determined for the Michaelis-Menten saturation constant. Parameters found when the new method is applied to experimental data are found to agree closely with those estimated directly from a least-squares fitting.

1993

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