Kayanian dynastyThe Kayanians (Persian: دودمان کیانیان; also Kays, Kayanids, Kaianids, Kayani, or Kiani) are a legendary dynasty of Persian/Iranian tradition and folklore which supposedly ruled after the Pishdadians. Considered collectively, the Kayanian kings are the heroes of the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, and of the Shahnameh, the national epic of Greater Iran. As an epithet of kings and the reason the dynasty is so called, Middle 𐭪𐭣 and New Persian kay(an) originates from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 kavi (or kauui) "king" and also "poet-sacrificer" or "poet-priest".
Bishkent cultureThe Bishkent culture or Beshkent culture is a late Bronze Age archaeological culture of southern Tajikistan, dating to c. 1700 – 1500 BC. It is primarily known from its cemeteries, which appear to have been used by mobile pastoralists. The Bishkent culture has been seen as a possible contributor to the Swat culture, which in turn is often associated with early Indo-Aryan movements into northwest India.
Chust cultureThe Chust culture is a late Bronze Age and early Iron Age culture which flourished in the Fergana Valley of eastern Uzbekistan from ca. 1500 BC to 900 BC. Settlements of the Chust culture varied in size between small dwelling sites to large settlements over 10 ha in size. Some sites occupy hilltop locations, while others indicate the presence of defensive structures. Domestic structures are not well known, was on occasion build of mud-brick. Large pits appear frequently in Chust sites.
Avestan periodThe Avestan period (1500-500 BCE) is the period in the history of the Iranian peoples when the Avesta was produced. It saw important contributions to both the religious sphere, as well as to Iranian mythology and its epic tradition. Scholars can reliably distinguish between two different linguistic strata in the Avesta; Old Avestan and Young Avestan, which are interpreted as belonging to two different stages in the development of the Avestan language and society.
TouranTouran est l'ancien mot iranien pour désigner les nomades du nord. D'un point de vue ethnico-linguistique ce terme désigne l'ensemble des peuples turcophones, englobant principalement les Ouïghours du Xinjiang (ouest de la Chine), les Kirghizes, les Ouzbeks, les Turkmènes, les Kazakhs, mais aussi les peuples turcs du Caucase (Azéris, Meskhètes, Nogaïs, etc.), les Kachkaïs d'Iran, les Turcs de Turquie, les Hongrois des Balkans, ainsi que les Gagaouzes de Moldavie.
AvestiqueL’avestique, autrefois appelé zend, est une langue iranienne ancienne, attestée sous sa forme liturgique dans le livre sacré des zoroastriens, l’Avesta. Parente éloignée du vieux-perse, elle est la langue iranienne orientale la plus anciennement attestée, ce qui la rend importante pour la reconstruction du proto-iranien et du proto-indo-iranien. Franz Bopp, dans sa Grammaire comparée des langues indo-européennes, ouvrage fondamental de la reconstruction de ces langues, y fait abondamment référence aux côtés du sanscrit, de l'arménien, du grec, du latin, du lituanien, de l'ancien slave, du gotique et de l'allemand.
